Examining the impact of neuroimmune dysregulation on social behavior of male and female juvenile rats
Open accessAbstract
Many individuals diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and social anxiety disorder, all share a common dimension of aberrant social behavior. Epidemiological data indicate that adverse environmental factors contribute to the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including those associated with aberrant social behavior. Early-life exposure to infectious pathogens is one of those adverse environmental factors, suggesting that activation of the immune system during early development may contribute to disease pathology associated with altered social behavior. In the current project, we examined the impact of neonatal infection, with or without juvenile immune activation, on the expression of juvenile social behavior and on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglial signaling molecules in the juvenile rat brain. The outcomes of these experiments revealed that neonatal infection significantly decreased juvenile social interaction, but significantly increased juvenile play behavior in male and female rats. Moreover, neonatal infection alone, juvenile immune activation alone, and neonatal infection plus juvenile immune activation all significantly impaired social recognition in juvenile male rats. Juvenile female rats (including controls) did not demonstrate social recognition as measured in our three-chamber social recognition test. Taken together, the behavioral and molecular data presented here support the sensitivity of the developing brain to immune activation, particularly in the expression of age-appropriate social behaviors. These data warrant the design of additional studies to examine the mechanistic relationship between early-life immune activation and aberrant social behavior to develop novel as well as modify existing therapeutic targets and preventative measures to help those who display aberrant social behavior.
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In animal models, immune-related signalling and cellular actions are implicated in brain masculinization, sex-specific synaptic patterning and social behaviours.
“In animal models, immune-related signalling and cellular actions are implicated in brain masculinization, sex-specific synaptic patterning and social behaviours of the animals269,270.”
From Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions (2023) · cites this paper as [270]
Animal studies have generated some evidence that the effects of immune activation are moderated by offspring sex.
“Animal studies have generated some evidence that the effects of immune activation are moderated by offspring sex270.”
From Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions (2023) · cites this paper as [270]
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- Authors
- Turano, A., McAuley, E. M., Muench, M. C., & Schwarz, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turano, Alexandra
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 415
- Pages
- 113449
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8648073
- OpenAlex
- W3178376238
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01MH106553)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- neuroimmune dysregulation, neonatal infection, social behavior, social recognition, social interaction, play behavior, sex differences, inflammatory cytokines, neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, social anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- MeSH terms
- Social Cognition, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Escherichia coli Infections, Female, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Cytokines, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microglia, Rats
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