The neurobiology of social play behavior in rats
Open accessAbstract
Social play behavior is one of the earliest forms of non-mother-directed social behavior appearing in ontogeny in mammalian species. During the last century, there has been a lot of debate on the significance of social play behavior, but behavioral studies have indicated that social play behavior is a separate and relevant category of behavior. The present review provides a comprehensive survey of studies on the neurobiology of social play behavior. Evidence is presented that opioid and dopamine systems play a role in the reward aspect of social play behavior. The role of cholinergic, noradrenergic and opioid systems in attentional processes underlying the generation of social play behavior and the involvement of androgens in the sexual differentiation of social play behavior in rats is summarized. It is concluded that there is not only behavioral, but also neurobiological evidence to suggest that social play behavior represents a separate category of behavior, instead of a precursor for adult social, sexual or aggressive behavior.
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Social play contributes to the development of adult social and emotional skills.
“Social play contributes to the development of adult social and emotional skills (Pellegrini, 1988; Vanderschuren et al., 1997; Hol et al., 1999; Van den Berg et al., 1999) and is ideal for studying the neurobiology of social development.”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Vanderschuren et al., 1997
The rat social repertoire includes a prolonged period of juvenile play that may provide a preclinical model system to explore social impairments in more detail than is possible with other rodent models.
“The rat social repertoire includes a prolonged period of juvenile play that may provide a preclinical model system to explore social impairments in more detail than is possible with other rodent models [13,14].”
From Behavioral Phenotyping of Juvenile Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implications for Preclinical Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
Manipulation of PRs may affect a variety of signaling molecules, such as arginine vasopressin, opioids, endocannabinoids, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA, which are all involved in social play behavior.
“Manipulation of PRs may affect a variety of signaling molecules, such as arginine vasopressin, opioids, endocannabinoids, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA, which are all involved in social play behavior [31–33].”
From Sex-specific effects of neonatal progestin receptor antagonism on juvenile social play behavior in rats (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
In the juvenile period, for some features of play fighting the tfm males are the same as WT males and for some other features they more closely resemble WT females.
“Thus in the juvenile period, the age most often studied (Thor & Holloway, 1984;Vanderschueren, Niesink, & van Ree, 1997), for some features of play fighting the tfm males are the same as WT males and for some other features, they more closely resemble WT females.”
From Play fighting in androgen-insensitivetfm rats: Evidence that androgen receptors are necessary for the development of adult playful attack and defense (2006) · cites this paper as Vanderschueren, Niesink, & van Ree, 1997
During the period when the PFC matures (between weaning and early adulthood), young animals display an abundance of social play behavior.
“Importantly, during the period when the PFC matures, i.e., in between weaning and early adulthood (Kolb et al., 2012), young animals display an abundance of an energetic form of social behavior known as social play behavior (Panksepp et al., 1984;Vanderschuren et al., 1997;Pellis and Pellis, 2009).”
From Social Play Behavior Is Critical for the Development of Prefrontal Inhibitory Synapses and Cognitive Flexibility in Rats (2022) · cites this paper as Vanderschuren et al., 1997
During adolescence, social and cognitive skills depend on peer-to-peer interactions.
“During adolescence, social and cognitive skills depend on peer-to-peer interactions (Vanderschuren et al., 1997; Baarendse et al., 2013), and acute social isolation in rodents is sufficient to cause behavioral abnormalities, including increased vulnerability to drug addiction and depressive-like behavior, later in life (Lampert et al., 2017; Takatsu-Coleman et al., 2013; Whitaker et al., 2013).”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Vanderschuren et al., 1997
Social isolation may result in stunted social learning from lack of play behavior, which itself peaks between P28-P35 in rats.
“This may result in stunted social learning from lack of play behavior, which itself peaks between P28-P35 in rats (Meaney and Stewart, 1979; Thor and Holloway, 1984; Vanderschuren et al., 1997).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Vanderschuren et al., 1997
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Evaluating the play fighting of rats: A sociological perspective
Ham, J. R., Pellis, S. M., Pellis, V. C., & Achterberg, E. J. M. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2026.110836
- Authors
- Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., Niesink, R. J. M., & Van Pee, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Open University of the Netherlands (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Vanderschuren, Louk J.M.J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-326
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081194315
- Cited by
- 559
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 13.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- social play, opioid system, dopamine, reward, cholinergic system, noradrenergic system, attention, androgens, sexual differentiation, rats, ontogeny
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Social Behavior, Neurotransmitter Agents, Rats
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