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Pancreatic cancer-targeting exosomes for enhancing immunotherapy and reprogramming tumor microenvironment
Abstract
Immunotherapy has gained increasing focus in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), since conventional therapies like chemotherapy could not provide satisfactory improvement in overall survival outcome of PDAC patients. However, it is still not the game changing solution due to the unique tumor microenvironment and low cancer immunogenicity of PDAC. Thus, inducing more intratumoral effector immune cells as well as reversing immunosuppression is the core of PDAC treatment. Herein, we demonstrate an exosome-based dual delivery biosystem for enhancing PDAC immunotherapy as well as reversing tumor immunosuppression of M2-like tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) upon disruption of galectin-9/dectin 1 axis. The deliver system is constructed from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) exosomes, electroporation-loaded galectin-9 siRNA, and surficially modified with oxaliplatin (OXA) prodrug as an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-trigger. The use of biomaterials, BM-MSC exosomes, can significantly improve tumor targeting efficacy, thus increasing drug accumulation in the tumor site. The combined therapy (iEXO-OXA) elicits anti-tumor immunity through tumor-suppressive macrophage polarization, cytotoxic T lymphocytes recruitment and Tregs downregulation, and achieves significant therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.
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“Experimental results showed that this dual delivery system not only significantly improved drug tumor-targeting and cellular uptake efficiency but also enhanced the anti-tumor immune reaction, suppressed tumor growth, and extended the survival of mice, demonstrating its great promise in the treatment of PDAC [142].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“This system utilizes bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes to carry oxaliplatin (OXA) and galectin-9 siRNA, inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [142]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, W., Zhou, Y., Chen, X., Ning, T., Chen, H., Guo, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Li, C., Chu, Y., Sun, T., & Jiang, C.
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 268
- Pages
- 120546
- ISSN
- 0142-9612
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 7
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
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