Diurnal variation in regional brain glucose metabolism in depression
Open accessAbstract
Background This study compared diurnal variation in mood and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) in depressed and healthy subjects.Methods Depressed and healthy subjects were investigated using [18F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans during morning and evening wakefulness. All subjects completed subjective mood ratings at both times of day. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare rCMRglc between the two groups across time of day.Results Depressed patients showed evening mood improvements compared with healthy subjects. Compared with healthy subjects, depressed patients showed smaller increases in rCMRglc during evening relative to morning wakefulness in lingual and fusiform cortices, midbrain reticular formation, and locus coeruleus and greater increases in rCMRglc in parietal and temporal cortices. Depressed patients had hypermetabolism in limbic-paralimbic regions and hypometabolism in frontal and parietal cortex at both times of day compared with healthy subjects.Conclusions Variation in rCMRglc differs across times of day in depressed and healthy subjects. In depressed patients, evening mood improvements were associated with increased metabolic activity in ventral limbic-paralimbic, parietal, temporal, and frontal regions and in the cerebellum. This increased metabolic pattern during evening wakefulness may reflect partial normalization of primary and compensatory neural systems involved in affect production and regulation.
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Striatal response to monetary reward and relative glucose metabolism in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex show diurnal variation, increasing in the afternoon/evening relative to the morning.
“Striatal response to monetary reward and relative glucose metabolism in the striatum and mPFC show diurnal variation—increasing in the afternoon/evening relative to the morning (70,83,84).”
From Impact of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms on Addiction Vulnerability in Adolescents (2018) · cites this paper as [84]
Brain glucose metabolism is greater in striatal regions during the evening.
“Brain glucose metabolism has been observed to be greater in striatal regions during the evening (Buysse et al., 2004; Germain et al., 2007; Hasler, Germain, et al., 2012).”
From Sleep and circadian contributions to adolescent alcohol use disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Germain et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Germain, A., Nofzinger, E. A., Meltzer, C. C., Wood, A., Kupfer, D. J., Moore, R. Y., & Buysse, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Germain, Anne
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 438-445
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3195370
- OpenAlex
- W2072998482
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (K24AG000972, AG 00972)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH66227, MH01414, K08MH001414, R01MH024652, K24MH066227, MH 24652, P30MH030915, R01MH061566, MH 61566, R37MH024652, MH30915)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000056, RR 00056)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- depression, diurnal variation, regional cerebral glucose metabolism, mood, 18F-FDG PET, frontal hypometabolism, cerebellum, reticular formation, locus coeruleus, emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Circadian Rhythm, Depression, Electroencephalography, Female, Glucose, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Case-Control Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography
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