Psychosis Risk and Development: What Do We Know From Population-Based Studies?
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Recent years have seen an advent in population-based studies in children, adolescents, and adults that examine the prevalence, etiology, and developmental trajectories of diverse subclinical psychopathological symptoms that pose a risk for the later development of severe mental illnesses. It is increasingly recognized that most categorically defined psychiatric disorders occur on a spectrum or continuum, show high heterogeneity and symptom overlap, and share genetic and environmental risk factors. We discuss neurodevelopmental underpinnings of psychosis spectrum symptoms and review brain morphometric and functional alterations as well as genetic liability for psychosis in individuals experiencing psychotic symptoms (PSs) in the general population. With regard to brain structure and function, findings of qualitatively similar alterations in individuals experiencing subthreshold PSs and individuals with overt psychotic disorders support the notion of a psychosis continuum. However, genetic and epidemiological studies have emphasized the overlap of PSs and other psychiatric illnesses. In particular, PSs during adolescence appear to be a nonspecific precursor of different psychopathological outcomes. Given the evidence presented in this review, we argue that findings from population-based studies are appropriate to guide policy-making to further emphasize public health efforts. Broadly accessible mental health programs are promising to make a difference in the field of adolescent mental health. However, the specific efficacy of these programs warrants further study, and caution is advised to not overpathologize potentially transient occurrence of mental health problems.
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Subclinical symptoms enhance the risk of developing a mental disorder later on.
“enhance the risk of developing a mental disorder later on [19–21]”
From Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Mennigen, E., & Bearden, C. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bearden, Carrie E.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 315-325
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7305046
- OpenAlex
- W2996381406
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- psychosis risk, psychosis continuum, subclinical psychotic symptoms, brain development, brain morphometry, brain function, genetic susceptibility, psychosis spectrum, adolescent mental health, symptom overlap, developmental trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Humans, Mental Health, Psychopathology, Psychotic Disorders, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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