The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance
Open accessAbstract
Many studies have been conducted to test the potentially beneficial effects of physical activity on cognition. The results of meta-analytic reviews of this literature suggest that there is a positive association between participation in physical activity and cognitive performance. The design of past research demonstrates the tacit assumption that changes in aerobic fitness contribute to the changes in cognitive performance. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to use meta-regression techniques to statistically test the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. Results indicated that there was not a significant linear or curvilinear relationship between fitness effect sizes (ESs) and cognitive ESs for studies using cross-sectional designs or posttest comparisons. However, there was a significant negative relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance for pre-post comparisons. The effects for the cross-sectional and pre-post comparisons were moderated by the age group of the participants; however, the nature of this effect was not consistent for the two databases. Based on the findings of this meta-analytic review, it is concluded that the empirical literature does not support the cardiovascular fitness hypothesis. To confirm the findings of this review, future research should specifically test the dose-response relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. However, based upon the findings of this review, we also encourage future research to focus on other physiological and psychological variables that may serve to mediate the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Etnier and colleagues found a significant improvement in cognition as a function of physical-activity training. However, overall, no significant relationship was found between fitness change (or difference) and cognitive change (or difference).”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Etnier, Nowell, Landers, and Sibley (2006)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“A 2003 meta-analysis in children (aged 4–18 yrs) demonstrated a significant positive relationship between physical activity levels and perceptual skills, intelligence quotient, achievement, verbal tests, mathematic tests, developmental level/academic readiness, with only an effect on memory not found (172).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis was performed on 571 fitness effect sizes from 1306 subjects from 37 studies prior to 2005. Etnier et al. (172) concluded that the empirical literature did not support a relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“Rather across the same 37 studies designed to test the effects of fitness on cognition, the summary statistic indicated that a positive association existed between physical activity and cognitive performance (172), confirming the findings of three previous meta-analytic reviews of this literature (108, 173, 473).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“However, higher aerobic fitness levels in older women having the APOE4 genotype had better cognitive function in another cross-sectional study (171), suggesting that physical activity levels that are capable of increasing aerobic fitness are needed to improve cognitive function in those with APOE4 genotypes.”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [171]
In the citing paper
“Some RCTs have stipulated that AE influences divergent cognitive domains, whereas others have suggested AE had no significant impact on cognition at all (Etnier et al., 2006; van Uffelen et al., 2008; Snowden et al., 2011; Gates et al., 2013; Kelly et al., 2014; Young et al., 2015).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Etnier et al., 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings
Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (2015) · doi:10.4135/9781483398105 · Cited by 5,542
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,839
The Neuropsychological Assessment
Ogden, J. A. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195171358.003.0002 · Cited by 4,382
Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study
Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430 · Cited by 3,782
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Palmer, A., 1995. The effect of an aerobic exercise program on cognitive ability and creativity in senior citizens. Doctoral Dissertation, Educational Leadership, Florida State University, Jacksonville, FL.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 753
Riggs, L., Piscione, J., Laughlin, S., Cunningham, T., Timmons, B. W., Courneya, K. S., Bartels, U. K., Skocic, J., de Medeiros, C. B., Liu, F., et al. (2016) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/now177 · Cited by 153
Pastula, R. M., Stopka, C. B., Delisle, A. T., & Hass, C. J. (2012) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318270fc83 · Cited by 146
Rupp, M. A., Michaelis, J. R., McConnell, D. S., & Smither, J. A.-A. (2018) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2018.02.005 · Cited by 155
Different mental rotation performance in students of music, sport and education
Pietsch, S., & Jansen, P. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.11.012 · Cited by 148
Motor expertise and performance in spatial tasks: A meta-analysis
Voyer, D., & Jansen, P. (2017) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2017.04.004 · Cited by 140
Diamond, A. D., & Ling, D. S. (2018) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2018.05.001 · Cited by 158
McDonnell, M. N., Smith, A. E., & Mackintosh, S. F. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.01.021 · Cited by 138
Measuring the impact of exercise on cognitive aging: methodological issues
Miller, D. I., Taler, V., Davidson, P. S. R., & Messier, C. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.020 · Cited by 147
Joggin’ the Noggin: Towards a Physiological Understanding of Exercise-Induced Cognitive Benefits
Stimpson, N. J., Davison, G., & Javadi, A.-H. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.018 · Cited by 134
Erickson, K. I., Banducci, S. E., Weinstein, A. M., MacDonald, A. W., Ferrell, R. E., Halder, I., Flory, J. D., & Manuck, S. B. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613480367 · Cited by 134
Mrakic‐Sposta, S., Santo, S. G. D., Franchini, F., Arlati, S., Zangiacomi, A., Greci, L., Moretti, S., Jesuthasan, N., Marzorati, M., Rizzo, G., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00282 · Cited by 134
Sleep disorders, obesity, and aging: The role of orexin
Nixon, J. P., Mavanji, V., Butterick, T. A., Billington, C. J., Kotz, C. M., & Teske, J. A. (2014) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.11.001 · Cited by 137
Reynolds, G., Otto, M. W., Ellis, T. D., & Cronin‐Golomb, A. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26484 · Cited by 144
Physical activity and neurocognitive functioning in aging - a condensed updated review
Gajewski, P. D., & Falkenstein, M. (2016) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-016-0161-3 · Cited by 148
Fisher, A., Boyle, J. M., Paton, J. Y., Tomporowski, P., Watson, C., McColl, J. H., & Reilly, J. J. (2011) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-11-97 · Cited by 127
“Experimental evidence in children is very limited [3,5]: < 1% of published exercise and cognition * Correspondence: John.”
BackgroundHerting, M. M., & Nagel, B. J. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.012 · Cited by 137
Pietrelli, A., López‐Costa, J. J., Goñi, R., Brusco, A., & Basso, N. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.054 · Cited by 125
Brown, A.-M., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Tate, R. L., & Lord, S. R. (2008) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.049882 · Cited by 133
Hortobágyi, T., Větrovský, T., Balbim, G. M., Silva, N. C. B. S., Manca, A., Deriu, F., Kolmos, M., Kruuse, C. R., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Radak, Z. O., et al. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698 · Cited by 132
Desjardins-Crépeau, L., Berryman, N., Fraser, S., Vu, T. T. M., Kergoat, M., Li, K., Bosquet, L., & Bherer, L. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s115711 · Cited by 133
Relationships of Physical Activity to Brain Health and the Academic Performance of Schoolchildren
Trudeau, F., & Shephard, R. J. (2009) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827609351133 · Cited by 148
Werkstetter, K. J., Ullrich, J., Schatz, S. B., Prell, C., Koletzko, B. V., & Koletzko, S. (2012) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2011.11.017 · Cited by 121
Physical Activity and Cognition in Older Adults: The Potential of Tai Chi Chuan
Chang, Y., Nien, Y.-H., Tsai, C., & Etnier, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.18.4.451 · Cited by 126
Self-citationLindheimer, J. B., O’Connor, P. J., & Dishman, R. K. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0303-1 · Cited by 133
de Greeff, J. W., Hartman, E., Mullender-Wijnsma, M. J., Bosker, R. J., Doolaard, S., & Visscher, C. (2016) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyv102 · Cited by 119
Chupel, M. U., Direito, F., Furtado, G. E., Minuzzi, L. G., Pedrosa, F. M., Colado, J. C., Ferreira, J. P., Filaire, E., & Teixeira, A. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00377 · Cited by 127
Jirayucharoensak, S., Israsena, P., Pan-ngum, S., Hemrungrojn, S., & Maes, M. H. J. (2019) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s189047 · Cited by 116
Exercise and the Aging Brain: Considerations for Sex Differences
Barha, C. K., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2018) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-180067 · Cited by 126
An 8‐month exercise intervention alters frontotemporal white matter integrity in overweight children
Schaeffer, D. J., Krafft, C. E., Schwarz, N. F., Chi, L., Rodrigue, A., Pierce, J. E., Allison, J. D., Yanasak, N. E., Liu, T., Davis, C. L., et al. (2014) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12227 · Cited by 126
Moreau, D., Kirk, I. J., & Waldie, K. E. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.25062 · Cited by 126
Brain Network Modularity Predicts Exercise-Related Executive Function Gains in Older Adults
Baniqued, P. L., Gallen, C. L., Voss, M. W., Burzynska, A. Z., Wong, C. N., Cooke, G. E., Duffy, K., Fanning, J., Ehlers, D. K., Salerno, E. A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00426 · Cited by 112
Personalising exercise recommendations for brain health: considerations and future directions
Barha, C. K., Galea, L. A. M., Nagamatsu, L. S., Erickson, K. I., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096710 · Cited by 118
Exercise Fails to Improve Neurocognition in Depressed Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Hoffman, B. M., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Smith, P. J., Rogers, S. D., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Sherwood, A. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31816b877c · Cited by 110
Physical Activity, Affect, and Cognition in Children With Symptoms of ADHD
Gawrilow, C., Stadler, G., Langguth, N., Naumann, A., & Boeck, A. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713493318 · Cited by 109
Alves, C. R. R., Merege Filho, C. A. A., Benatti, F. B., Brucki, S., Pereira, R. M. R., de Sá Pinto, A. L., Lima, F. R., Roschel, H., & Gualano, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076301 · Cited by 109
Cognitive training in Parkinson disease
Zimmermann, R., Gschwandtner, U., Benz, N., Hatz, F., Schindler, C., Taub, E., & Fuhr, P. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000287 · Cited by 109
Albinet, C. T., Abou-Dest, A., André, N., & Audiffren, M. F. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.01.010 · Cited by 108
Aerobic fitness, hippocampal viscoelasticity, and relational memory performance
Schwarb, H. D., Johnson, C. L., Daugherty, A. M., Hillman, C. H., Kramer, A. F., Cohen, N. J., & Barbey, A. K. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.061 · Cited by 114
Exercise mode and executive function in older adults: An ERP study of task-switching
Dai, C.-T., Chang, Y., Huang, C., & Hung, T. (2013) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.07.007 · Cited by 113
The Unique Relation of Physical Activity to Executive Function in Older Men and Women
Bixby, W. R., Spalding, T. W., Haufler, A. J., Deeny, S. P., Mahlow, P., Zimmerman, J. B., & Hatfield, B. D. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31806ad708 · Cited by 107
Alomari, M. A., Khabour, O. F., Alzoubi, K. H., & Alzubi, M. A. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.007 · Cited by 107
Boucard, G., Albinet, C. T., Bugaïska, A., Bouquet, C. A., Clarys, D., & Audiffren, M. F. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.6.808 · Cited by 122
Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease
Chen, W., Zhang, X., & Huang, W. (2016) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2016.607 · Cited by 115
Motor and cognitive development: the role of karate
Alesi, M., Bianco, A., Padulo, J., Vella, F. P., Petrucci, M. N., Paoli, A., Palma, A., & Pepi, A. (2014) · Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal · doi:10.11138/mltj/2014.4.2.114 · Cited by 111
Whiteman, A., Young, D. E., He, X., Chen, T. C., WAGENAAR, R. C., Stern, C. E., & Schön, K. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.023 · Cited by 112
Quigley, A., MacKay-Lyons, M. J., & Eskes, G. A. (2020) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2020/1407896 · Cited by 115
An ecological approach to cognitive enhancement: Complex motor training
Moreau, D., Morrison, A. B., & Conway, A. R. A. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.007 · Cited by 115
McAuley, E., Szabo‐Reed, A. N., Mailey, E. L., Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., White, S. M., Wójcicki, T. R., Gothe, N. P., Olson, E. A., Mullen, S. P., et al. (2011) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2011.01.001 · Cited by 102
Stroth, S., Reinhardt, R. K., Thöne, J., Hille, K., Schneider, M., Härtel, S., Weidemann, W. M., Bös, K., & Spitzer, M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.08.003 · Cited by 110
Temporal Effects of Acute Walking Exercise on Learning and Memory Function
Sng, E., Frith, E., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117117749476 · Cited by 98
Dolezal, B. A., Chudzynski, J. E., Storer, T. W., Abrazado, M., Peñate, J., Mooney, L. J., Dickerson, D. L., Rawson, R. A., & Cooper, C. B. (2013) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e318282475e · Cited by 94
Healthy mind in healthy body? A review of sensorimotor–cognitive interdependencies in old age
Schäfer, S., Huxhold, O., & Lindenberger, U. (2006) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-006-0007-5 · Cited by 102
The acute cognitive benefits of casual exergame play
Gao, Y., & Mandryk, R. L. (2012) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2208323 · Cited by 93
Effects of square‐stepping exercise on cognitive functions of older people
Teixeira, C. V. L., Gobbi, S., Pereira, J. R., Vital, T. M., Hernández, S. S. S., Shigematsu, R., & Gobbi, L. T. B. (2013) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12017 · Cited by 96
Berryman, N., Bherer, L., Nadeau, S. M., Lauzière, S., Lehr, L., Bobeuf, F., Lussier, M., Kergoat, M., Vu, T. T. M., & Bosquet, L. (2014) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9710-8 · Cited by 103
VII. The history of physical activity and academic performance research: informing the future
Castelli, D. M., Centeio, E. E., Hwang, J., Barcelona, J. M., Glowacki, E. M., Calvert, H. G., & Nicksic, H. M. (2014) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12133 · Cited by 91
The influence of exercise and physical fitness status on attention: a systematic review
de Sousa, A. F. M., Medeiros, A. R., Rosso, S. D., Stults‐Kolehmainen, M., & Boullosa, D. A. (2018) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2018.1455889 · Cited by 97
Hearts and minds: linking vascular rigidity and aerobic fitness with cognitive aging
Gauthier, C. J., Lefort, M., Mekary, S., Desjardins-Crépeau, L., Skimminge, A., Iversen, P., Madjar, C., Desjardins, M., Lesage, F., Garde, E., et al. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.08.018 · Cited by 98
Hötting, K., Reich, B., Holzschneider, K., Kauschke, K., Schmidt, T., Reer, R., Braumann, K.-M., & Röder, B. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025371 · Cited by 96
Active School Breaks and Students’ Attention: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Infantes‐Paniagua, Á., Silva, A. F., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Sarmento, H., González-Férnandez, F. T., González‐Víllora, S., & Clemente, F. M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060675 · Cited by 107
Physical activity and working memory in healthy older adults: An ERP study
Chang, Y., Huang, C., Chen, K., & Hung, T. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12089 · Cited by 103
Tarp, J., Domazet, S. L., Froberg, K., Hillman, C. H., Andersen, L. B., & Bugge, A. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158087 · Cited by 89
Cognitive Dysfunction Among Cancer Survivors
Asher, A. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e31820be463 · Cited by 92
The Link Between Nutrition and Physical Activity in Increasing Academic Achievement
Asigbee, F. M., Whitney, S. D., & Peterson, C. E. (2018) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12625 · Cited by 100
Linde, K., & Alfermann, D. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2012-0149 · Cited by 92
Relationship between mode of sport training and general cognitive performance
Chang, E. C., Chu, C., Karageorghis, C. I., Wang, C.-C., Tsai, J. H.-C., Wang, Y.-S., & Chang, Y. (2015) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2015.07.007 · Cited by 88
Physical activity improves cognition: possible explanations
Tivadar, B. K. (2017) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-017-9708-6 · Cited by 93
Executive functions, physical fitness and mobility in well-functioning older adults
Berryman, N., Bherer, L., Nadeau, S. M., Lauzière, S., Lehr, L., Bobeuf, F., Kergoat, M., Vu, T. T. M., & Bosquet, L. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.017 · Cited by 93
Käll, L. B., Nilsson, M., & Linden, T. K. A. (2014) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12179 · Cited by 87
Barha, C. K., Hsiung, G. R., Best, J. R., Davis, J. C., Eng, J. J., Jacova, C., Lee, P. E., Munkacsy, M., Cheung, W., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170221 · Cited by 94
Norouzi, E., Hosseini, F., Vaezmosavi, M., Gerber, M., Pühse, U., & Brand, S. (2019) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1683610 · Cited by 86
Physical Activity and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth
Basch, C. E. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00637.x · Cited by 84
A critical review of research on executive functions in sport and exercise
Furley, P., Schütz, L.-M., & Wood, G. (2023) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2023.2217437 · Cited by 91
Effects of an Exercise Program on Brain Health Outcomes for Children With Overweight or Obesity
Ortega, F. B., Mora-González, J., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Esteban‐Cornejo, I., Migueles, J. H., Solis‐Urra, P., Verdejo‐Román, J., Rodríguez‐Ayllón, M., Molina‐García, P., Ruiz, J. R., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.27893 · Cited by 91
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive and Neural Decline in Aging and Cardiovascular Disease
Hayes, S. M., Alosco, M. L., & Forman, D. E. (2014) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-014-0101-x · Cited by 86
Does physical activity protect against drug abuse vulnerability?
Bardo, M. T., & Compton, W. M. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.037 · Cited by 88
Physical Activity and Brain Function in Older Adults at Increased Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Smith, J., Nielson, K. A., Woodard, J. L., Seidenberg, M., & Rao, S. M. (2013) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci3010054 · Cited by 87
Pet Ownership and Human–Animal Interaction in an Aging Population: Rewards and Challenges
Enders‐Slegers, M., & Hediger, K. (2019) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2019.1569907 · Cited by 89
Shimada, T., Ito, S., Makabe, A., Yamanushi, A., Takenaka, A., Kawano, K., & Kobayashi, M. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114656 · Cited by 81
Kline, C. E., Ewing, G. B., Burch, J. B., Blair, S. N., Durstine, J. L., Davis, J. M., & Youngstedt, S. D. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.2022 · Cited by 81
Galle, S. A., Deijen, J. B., Milders, M. V., Greef, M. H. G. D., Scherder, E., van Duijn, C. M., & Drent, M. L. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01123-3 · Cited by 94
Hird, E. J., Slanina-Davies, A., Lewis, G., Hamer, M., & Roiser, J. P. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02922-y · Cited by 79
González-Palau, F., Franco, M., Bamidis, P., Losada, R., Parra, E., Papageorgiou, S. G., & Vivas, A. B. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.899972 · Cited by 79
The Relation Between Motor Development and Mental Rotation Ability in 5- to 6-Year-old Children
Jansen, P., & Heil, M. (2010) · International Journal of Developmental Science · doi:10.3233/dev-2010-4105 · Cited by 79
Chmura, J., & Nazar, K. (2010) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.12.011 · Cited by 79
An examination of the mechanisms underlying the effects of physical activity on brain and cognition
Marmeleira, J. (2012) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-012-0105-5 · Cited by 93
Chupel, M. U., Minuzzi, L. G., Furtado, G. E., Santos, M. L. A. S., Hogervorst, E., Filaire, E., & Teixeira, A. M. (2018) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2017-0775 · Cited by 78
Bossers, W. J. R., Scherder, E., Boersma, F., Hortobágyi, T., van der Woude, L. H. V., & van Heuvelen, M. J. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097577 · Cited by 77
Motl, R. W., Sandroff, B. M., & Benedict, R. H. B. (2011) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458511409612 · Cited by 78
Mekari, S., Earle, M., Martins, R., Drisdelle, S., Killen, M., Bouffard-Levasseur, V., & Dupuy, O. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10020081 · Cited by 77
Do Lifestyle Activities Protect Against Cognitive Decline in Aging? A Review
Christie, G. J., Hamilton, T., Manor, B., Farb, N. A. S., Farzan, F., Sixsmith, A. J., Temprado, J.-J., & Moreno, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00381 · Cited by 80
Biological Sex: A Potential Moderator of Physical Activity Efficacy on Brain Health
Barha, C. K., Hsu, C. L., ten Brinke, L., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00329 · Cited by 80
White matter connectivity and aerobic fitness in male adolescents
Herting, M. M., Colby, J. B., Sowell, E. R., & Nagel, B. J. (2013) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2013.11.003 · Cited by 82
Cognitive enhancement: a comparative review of computerized and athletic training programs
Moreau, D., & Conway, A. R. A. (2013) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2012.758763 · Cited by 78
Effects of the Type of Sports Practice on the Executive Functions of Schoolchildren
Contreras-Osorio, F., Guzmán‐Guzmán, I. P., Cerda-Vega, E., Ríos, L. J. C., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., & Campos‐Jara, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073886 · Cited by 80
Cardiovascular fitness and executive control during task-switching: An ERP study
Scisco, J. L., Leynes, P. A., & Kang, J. (2008) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.02.009 · Cited by 71
McClelland, E., Pitt, A., & Stein, J. F. (2014) · Improving Schools · doi:10.1177/1365480214562125 · Cited by 77
The Effects of Changes in Physical Fitness on Academic Performance Among New York City Youth
Bezold, C. P., Konty, K., Day, S. E., Berger, M., Harr, L., Larkin, M., Napier, M., Nonas, C., Saha, S., Harris, T. G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.006 · Cited by 77
Körperliche Aktivität und psychische Gesundheit
Broocks, A. (2000) · Cited by 70
Physical Exercise and Brain Functions in Older Adults
Bherer, L., Erickson, K. I., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2013) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2013/197326 · Cited by 73
Metadata
- Authors
- Etnier, J. L., Nowell, P. M., Landers, D. M., & Sibley, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Miami University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Etnier, Jennifer L.
- ORCID
- Etnier, Jennifer L.
- Venue
- Brain Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 119-130
- ISSN
- 0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071762564
- Cited by
- 749
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 12.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- libres.uncg.edu
- Locations
- Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive performance, physical activity, exercise and cognition, age differences, pre-post test comparison, cross-section design, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
