Brain Network Modularity Predicts Exercise-Related Executive Function Gains in Older Adults
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Recent work suggests that the brain can be conceptualized as a network comprised of groups of sub-networks or modules. The extent of segregation between modules can be quantified with a modularity metric, where networks with high modularity have dense connections within modules and sparser connections between modules. Previous work has shown that higher modularity predicts greater improvements after cognitive training in patients with traumatic brain injury and in healthy older and young adults. It is not known, however, whether modularity can also predict cognitive gains after a physical exercise intervention. Here, we quantified modularity in older adults (N = 128, mean age = 64.74) who underwent one of the following interventions for 6 months (NCT01472744 on ClinicalTrials.gov): 1) aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking (Walk), 2) aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking plus nutritional supplement (Walk+), 3) stretching, strengthening and stability (SSS), or 4) dance instruction. After the intervention, the Walk, Walk+ and SSS groups showed gains in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with larger effects in both walking groups compared to the SSS and Dance groups. The Walk, Walk+ and SSS groups also improved in executive function (EF) as measured by reasoning, working memory, and task-switching tests. In the Walk, Walk+ and SSS groups that improved in EF, higher baseline modularity was positively related to EF gains, even after controlling for age, in-scanner motion and baseline EF. No relationship between modularity and EF gains was observed in the Dance group, which did not show training-related gains in CRF or EF control. These results are consistent with previous studies demonstrating that individuals with a more modular brain network organization are more responsive to cognitive training. These findings suggest that the predictive power of modularity may be generalizable across interventions aimed to enhance aspects of cognition and that, especially in low-performing individuals, global network properties can capture individual differences in neuroplasticity.
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Greater baseline evidence of disrupted connectivity is predictive of subsequent behavioral improvements in markers of cognitive control.
“In addition, a growing body of work suggests that greater baseline evidence of disrupted connectivity is predictive of subsequent behavioral improvements in markers of cognitive control (55, 56).”
From The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Baniqued, P. L., Gallen, C. L., Voss, M. W., Burzynska, A. Z., Wong, C. N., Cooke, G. E., Duffy, K., Fanning, J., Ehlers, D. K., Salerno, E. A., Aguiñaga, S., McAuley, E., Kramer, A. F., & D'Esposito, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baniqued, Pauline L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-01-04
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 426-426
- ISSN
- 1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5758542
- OpenAlex
- W2781475102
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 8.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (093622)
- U.S. Department of Defense (NDSEG)
- National Institutes of Health (R37AG02566, NS79689)
- American Cancer Society (PF-16-021-01-CPPB)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- brain network modularity, executive function, older adults, aerobic exercise, brisk walking, dietary supplementation, dance education, cardiorespiratory fitness, individual differences, neuroplasticity, cognitive training, working memory, task switching
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