Joggin’ the Noggin: Towards a Physiological Understanding of Exercise-Induced Cognitive Benefits
Open accessAbstract
This narrative review examines literature pertaining to possible physiological explanations for observed cognitive benefits stemming from improvements to cardiovascular fitness following chronic aerobic exercise. Studies regarding exercise and cardiovascular fitness, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation in relation to IGF-1 signalling, regulation of neurotrophins, neurogenesis and plasticity, cognitive training, are briefly described. We propose that current evidence points towards a mechanism by which cardiovascular fitness improvements act to promote long-term angiogenesis and cerebral circulation. This important adaptation allows for increased delivery and upregulation of neurotrophins along with supporting factors to the brain, particularly to the hippocampal neurogenic niche, following acute exercise bouts. We propose a sequential timeline and approximate time scale for this mechanism, describing how these stages generate increased support for neurogenesis and brain plasticity in combination with cognitive training to provide long-term cognitive benefits and protection against age-related cognitive decline. Influences from age, gender and other variables are considered, and methodological factors that could be utilised in future studies to further clarify the proposed model are discussed.
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Physical exercise can effectively prevent depression by affecting many molecular and cellular pathways.
“As reported in some studies, physical exercise can effectively prevent depression by affecting many molecular and cellular pathways;”
From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [312]
Section 3 (page unavailable) describes several molecular and cellular responses to exercise, including changes in inflammatory signaling, neurotrophins, and neurogenesis. The Background and Summary (pages unavailable) frame these pathways as explanations for cognitive benefits, not as evidence that exercise effectively prevents depression. The depression-prevention outcome is therefore unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe neurotrophic hypothesis posits that in response to physical exercises, the organism releases neurochemicals such as BDNF, which trigger neuroplasticity and facilitate cognitive enhancement.
“the “neurotrophic hypothesis,” which posits that in response to physical exercises, the organism releases several neurochemicals (e.g., neurotrophic factors such as BDNF), which in turn trigger neuroplasticity and facilitate cognitive enhancement”
From Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research (2019) · cites this paper as Stimpson et al., 2018
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Beyond FITTPreprint
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Antidepressive Effekte von Sportinterventionen
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- Authors
- Stimpson, N. J., Davison, G., & Javadi, A.-H.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- University of Kent (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Javadi, Amir-Homayoun
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 88
- Pages
- 177-186
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2792056933
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, aerobic exercise, angiogenesis, cerebral circulation, neurotrophins, IGF-1 signaling, neuroinflammation, hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, cognitive training, age-related cognitive decline, acute exercise, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cognition, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Exercise, Neurogenesis, Cognitive Dysfunction
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