Impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder on the neural bases of emotional reactivity to and regulation of social evaluation.
Open accessAbstract
We examined whether Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) would modify self-reported negative emotion and functional magnetic resonance imaging brain responses when reacting to and reappraising social evaluation, and tested whether changes would predict treatment outcome in 59 patients with SAD who completed CBT or waitlist groups. For reactivity, compared to waitlist, CBT resulted in (a) increased brain responses in right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and middle occipital gyrus (MOG) when reacting to social praise, and (b) increases in right SFG and IPL and decreases in left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) when reacting to social criticism. For reappraisal, compared to waitlist, CBT resulted in greater (c) reductions in self-reported negative emotion, and (d) increases in brain responses in right SFG and MOG, and decreases in left pSTG. A linear regression found that after controlling for CBT-induced changes in reactivity and reappraisal negative emotion ratings and brain changes in reactivity to praise and criticism, reappraisal of criticism brain response changes predicted 24% of the unique variance in CBT-related reductions in social anxiety. Thus, one mechanism underlying CBT for SAD may be changes in reappraisal-related brain responses to social criticism.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Two studies comparing cognitive behavioral therapy to wait-list groups of social anxiety disorder patients found treatment-related increases in inverse connectivity between dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left amygdala during reappraisal of negative self-beliefs, and positive connectivity among prefrontal regions during reappraisal of social criticism.
“Two studies comparing CBT to wait-list groups of SAD patients demonstrated treatment-related increases in i) inverse connectivity between the dmPFC and left amygdala while reappraising negative self-beliefs (Goldin et al., 2013), and ii) positive connectivity among prefrontal regions including medial PFC, dmPFC, left dACC, left dlPFC and left vlPFC when reappraising social criticism (Goldin et al.”
From Treatment for social anxiety disorder alters functional connectivity in emotion regulation neural circuitry (2017) · cites this paper as Goldin et al., 2014
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAltered connectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and ventrolateral/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been observed following cognitive behavioral therapy.
“studies demonstrating altered connectivity following CBT between amygdala and dmPFC, mOFC and vl/dlPFC (Goldin et al., 2013; Goldin et al., 2014; Månsson et al., 2013)”
From Neural connectivity during affect labeling predicts treatment response to psychological therapies for social anxiety disorder. (2019) · cites this paper as Goldin et al., 2014
The Introduction (page not specified) reports a companion study’s finding of greater inverse connectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial PFC after CBT. The Results section’s exploratory connectivity analysis (page not specified) instead uses an anterior medial PFC seed; it does not show amygdala connectivity with medial orbitofrontal or ventrolateral/dorsolateral PFC. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe increase in inverse prefrontal-amygdala connectivity is consistent with findings from studies of CBT effects on explicit emotion regulation.
“This increase in inverse prefrontal-amygdala connectivity is consistent with findings from studies of the impact of CBT on explicit emotion regulation (Goldin et al., 2014).”
From Treatment for social anxiety disorder alters functional connectivity in emotion regulation neural circuitry (2017) · cites this paper as Goldin et al., 2014
After CBT, enhanced positive connectivity among prefrontal regions (mPFC, vlPFC, dlPFC, dACC) was observed during reappraisal of social criticism.
“In addition to changes in inverse connectivity between amygdala and prefrontal regions, enhanced positive connectivity among prefrontal regions (medial PFC, vlPFC, dlPFC, and dACC) while reappraising social criticism has been found after cognitive behavioral therapy (Goldin et al., 2014), possibly indicating increased communication between regions implicated in regulation.”
From Changes in functional connectivity with cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder predict outcomes at follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as Goldin et al., 2014
One fMRI study found individual pre-CBT to post-CBT for SAD brain activity increases in right prefrontal cortex, right middle occipital gyrus, and decreases in left posterior superior temporal gyrus during reappraisal of social criticism were associated with 24% of the unique variance in CBT-associated reductions in social anxiety symptoms.
“One fMRI study found individual pre-CBT to post-CBT for SAD brain activity increases in right prefrontal cortex, right middle occipital gyrus, and decreases in left posterior superior temporal gyrus during reappraisal of social criticism were associated with 24% of the unique variance in CBT-associated reductions in social anxiety symptoms.11”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2022) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 · Cited by 23,476 · see citing works
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798 · see citing works
AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Cox, R. W. (1996) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1006/cbmr.1996.0014 · Cited by 10,913 · see citing works
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916 · see citing works
Self-citationA new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686 · see citing works
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
Handbook of Emotion Regulation
Lambert, K. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.15.1808 · Cited by 4,900 · see citing works
Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 3,233 · see citing works
Self-citationForman, S. D., Cohen, J. D., Fitzgerald, M., Eddy, W. F., Mintun, M. A., & Noll, D. C. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910330508 · Cited by 3,202 · see citing works
Gusnard, D. A., Akbudak, E., Shulman, G. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.071043098 · Cited by 2,997 · see citing works
Liebowitz, M. R. (2015) · Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1159/000414022 · Cited by 2,266 · see citing works
Price, C. J. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.062 · Cited by 2,159 · see citing works
‘What’ and ‘where’ in the human brain
Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (1994) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90066-3 · Cited by 1,913 · see citing works
Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies
Buhle, J. T., Silvers, J. A., Wager, T. D., Lopez, R., Onyemekwu, C., Kober, H., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht154 · Cited by 1,896 · see citing works
The activation of attentional networks
FAN, J., MCCANDLISS, B., FOSSELLA, J., FLOMBAUM, J., & POSNER, M. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.004 · Cited by 1,737 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study.
Sergent, J., Ohta, S., & Macdonald, B. (1992) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/115.1.15 · Cited by 1,576 · see citing works
Stein, M. B., & Stein, D. J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60488-2 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.1.49 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.49 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
FRESCO, D. M., COLES, M. E., HEIMBERG, R. G., LIEBOWITZ, M. R., HAMI, S., STEIN, M. B., & GOETZ, D. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701004056 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Self-citationForcing a sequential experiment to be balanced
EFRON, B. (1971) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/58.3.403 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Parametric Analysis of fMRI Data Using Linear Systems Methods
Cohen, M. S. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0278 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Cognitive theory and therapy of anxiety and depression: Convergence with neurobiological findings
Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.06.007 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Spiral‐in/out BOLD fMRI for increased SNR and reduced susceptibility artifacts
Glover, G. H., & Law, C. S. W. (2001) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1222 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
When the Brain Loses Its Self: Prefrontal Inactivation during Sensorimotor Processing
Goldberg, I. I., Harel, M., & Malach, R. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.015 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Increased Amygdala Activation to Angry and Contemptuous Faces in Generalized Social Phobia
Stein, M. B., Goldin, P. R., Sareen, J., Zorrilla, L. T. E., & Brown, G. G. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1027 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Self-citation(2007) · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Furmark, T., Tillfors, M., Marteinsdottir, I., Fischer, H., Pissiota, A., Långström, B., & Fredrikson, M. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.5.425 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Goldin, P. R., Manber, T., Hakimi, S., Canli, T., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.525 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationEfferent Association Pathways from the Rostral Prefrontal Cortex in the Macaque Monkey
Petrides, M., & Pandya, D. Ν. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2419-07.2007 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Rytwinski, N. K., Fresco, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Coles, M. E., Liebowitz, M. R., Cissell, S., Stein, M. B., & Hofmann, S. G. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20503 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Self-citationEnhanced neural activity in response to dynamic facial expressions of emotion: an fMRI study
Sato, W., Kochiyama, T., Yoshikawa, S., Naito, E., & Matsumura, M. (2004) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.01.008 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
fMRI reveals amygdala activation to human faces in social phobics
Birbaumer, N., Grodd, W., Diedrich, O., Klose, U., Erb, M., Lotze, M., Schneider, F., Weiss, U., & Flor, H. (1998) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199804200-00048 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Metacognitive evaluation, self-relevance, and the right prefrontal cortex
Schmitz, T. W., Kawahara, T. N., & Johnson, S. C. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.02.018 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Szigetvári, P. (2008) · doi:10.1515/9783110211443.1.93 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028555 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural mechanisms of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs in social anxiety disorder.
Goldin, P. R., Manber-Ball, T., Werner, K., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.014 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial anxiety : clinical, developmental, and social perspectives
Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2014) · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Trautmann-Lengsfeld, S. A., Fehr, T., & Herrmann, M. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.075 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Stein, M. B. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e532272011-001 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
D’Avanzato, C., Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9537-0 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Cooney, R. E., Atlas, L. Y., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.05.003 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Assessing emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: the emotion regulation interview
Werner, K. H., Goldin, P. R., Ball, T. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2011) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9225-x · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationBoccia, M., Nemmi, F., & Guariglia, C. (2014) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9247-8 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes
Schultz, L. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationA cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder
Heimberg, R., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationPorto, P. R., Oliveira, L., Mari, J. D. J., Volchan, E., Figueira, I. L. D. V., & Ventura, P. R. (2009) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2009.21.2.114 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., & Antony, M. M. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.007 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Neural correlates of psychotherapy in anxiety and depression: a meta-analysis
Messina, I., Sambin, M., Palmieri, A., & Viviani, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074657 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Hahn, K., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.234 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural response to self- and other referential praise and criticism in generalized social phobia
Blair, K., Geraci, M., Devido, J., McCaffrey, D., Chen, G., Vythilingam, M., Ng, P., Hollon, N., Jones, M., Blair, R. J. R., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.10.1176 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Social Anxiety Disorder
Weeks, J. W. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118653920 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Converging Evidence for the Advantage of Dynamic Facial Expressions
Arsalidou, M., Morris, D. M., & Taylor, M. J. (2011) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-011-0171-4 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Klumpp, H., Fitzgerald, D. A., & Phan, K. L. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.05.004 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Optimal treatment of social phobia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Glue, P. (2012) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s23317 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Efficacy of a Manualized and Workbook-Driven Individual Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder
Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationBlair, K., Geraci, M., Otero, M., Majestic, C., Odenheimer, S., Jacobs, M., Blair, R. J., & Pine, D. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.12.016 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Lack of a benign interpretation bias in social anxiety disorder
Amir, N., Prouvost, C., & Kuckertz, J. M. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.662655 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Moscovitch, D. A., Gavric, D. L., Senn, J. M., Santesso, D. L., Miskovic, V., Schmidt, L. A., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9371-1 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
. Neural response to the observable self in social anxiety disorder
Pujol, J., Giménez, M., Ortiz, H., Soriano-Mas, C., López-Solà, M., Farré, M., Deus, J., Merlo-Pich, E., Harrison, B. J., Cardoner, N., et al. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001857 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A PET provocation study of generalized social phobia
Ameringen, M. V., Mancini, C., Szechtman, H., Nahmias, C., Oakman, J. M., Hall, G. B., Pipe, B., & Farvolden, P. (2004) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.07.005 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Brain activation during direct and indirect processing of positive and negative words
Straube, T., Sauer, A., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.037 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: the state of the science
Gordon, D., Wong, J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2014) · The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Social Anxiety Disorder · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch22 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationZiv, M., Goldin, P. R., Jazaieri, H., Hahn, K. S., & Gross, J. J. (2013) · Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1186/2045-5380-3-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 69 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Di Nardo PA Brown TA Barlow DH Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime version (ADIS-IV-L) 1994 New York, NY Oxford University Press
- Hope DA Heimberg RG Turk CL Therapist guide for managing social anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach 2006 New York Oxford University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dryman, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.004 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Self-citationCraske, M. G., Meuret, A. E., Ritz, T., Treanor, M., & Dour, H. J. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22490 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Mindful attention to breath regulates emotions via increased amygdala–prefrontal cortex connectivity
Doll, A., Hölzel, B. K., Bratec, S. M., Boucard, C. C., Xie, X., Wohlschläger, A. M., & Sorg, C. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.041 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Common versus specific factors in psychotherapy: opening the black box
Mulder, R., Murray, G., & Rucklidge, J. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30100-1 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
A systematic review of the neural bases of psychotherapy for anxiety and related disorders
Brooks, S. J., & Stein, D. J. (2015) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2015.17.3/sbrooks · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.05.009 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Zsido, A. N., Arató, N., Láng, A., Lábadi, B., Pakai-Stecina, D. T., & Bandi, S. A. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110647 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Gender differences in neural correlates of stress-induced anxiety
Seo, D., Ahluwalia, A., Potenza, M. N., & Sinha, R. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23926 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Social impairment in schizophrenia
Dodell‐Feder, D., Tully, L. M., & Hooker, C. I. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000154 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Goldin, P. R., Thurston, M., Allende, S., Moodie, C., Dixon, M. L., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1862 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationKivity, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000075 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Young, K. S., Burklund, L. J., Torre, J. B., Saxbe, D., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2017) · Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“This increase in inverse prefrontal-amygdala connectivity is consistent with findings from studies of the impact of CBT on explicit emotion regulation (Goldin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKlumpp, H., Fitzgerald, J. M., Kinney, K. L., Kennedy, A. E., Shankman, S. A., Langenecker, S. A., & Phan, K. L. (2017) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.006 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Weeks, J. W., Howell, A. N., Srivastav, A., & Goldin, P. R. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.05.005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional neuroimaging of psychotherapeutic processes in anxiety and depression
Lueken, U., & Hahn, T. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000218 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Klumpp, H., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0948-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Does non-invasive brain stimulation modulate emotional stress reactivity?
Smits, F., Schutter, D. J. L. G., van Honk, J., & Geuze, E. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Overprotective parenting and social anxiety in adolescents: The role of emotion regulation
Mathijs, L., Mouton, B., Zimmermann, G., & Petegem, S. V. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231173722 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder exhibit impaired networks involved in self and theory of mind processing
Cui, Q., Vanman, E. J., Long, Z., Pang, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Duan, X., Chen, H., Gong, Q., Zhang, W., et al. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx050 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Neuroimaging findings as predictors of treatment outcome of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders
Santos, V. A., Carvalho, D. D., Van Ameringen, M., Nardi, A. E., & Freire, R. C. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kivity, Y., Cohen, L., Weiss, M., Elizur, J., & Huppert, J. D. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.021 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Young, K. S., LeBeau, R. T., Niles, A. N., Hsu, K. J., Burklund, L. J., Mesri, B., Saxbe, D., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.016 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Emerging evidence implicates this circuitry in mechanisms of treatment response, with studies demonstrating altered connectivity following CBT between amygdala and dmPFC, mOFC and vl/dlPFC (Goldin et al., 2013; Goldin et al., 2014; Månsson et al., 2013).”
InfluentialKlumpp, H., Roberts, J., Kennedy, A. E., Shankman, S. A., Langenecker, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Phan, K. L. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.01.010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationEpigenetic and Neural Circuitry Landscape of Psychotherapeutic Interventions
Miller, C. W. T. (2017) · Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.1155/2017/5491812 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Brown, L. A., Young, K. S., Goldin, P. R., Torre, J. B., Burklund, L. J., Davies, C. D., Niles, A. N., Lieberman, M. D., Saxbe, D. E., & Craske, M. G. (2019) · Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationZsido, A. N., Varadi-Borbas, B., & Arató, N. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03174-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sandman, C. F., Young, K. S., Burklund, L. J., Saxbe, D. E., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103612 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…regions, enhanced positive connectivity among prefrontal regions (medial PFC, vlPFC, dlPFC, and dACC) while reappraising social criticism has been found after cognitive behavioral therapy (Goldin et al., 2014), possibly indicating increased communication between regions implicated in regulation.”
BackgroundMethodCan arts-based interventions improve health? A conceptual and methodological critique
Skov, M., & Nadal, M. (2025) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.03.003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Li, B., Jin, S., Liu, W., Liu, J., Xie, S., Zhang, L., Kang, Y., Ding, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111485 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Laboratory and Self-Report Methods To Assess Reappraisal and Distraction in Youth
Bettis, A. H., Henry, L. M., Prussien, K. V., Vreeland, A., Smith, M. R., Adery, L. H., & Compas, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1466306 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
New Developments in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Stangier, U. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0667-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Prefrontal mediation of emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder during laughter perception
Kreifelts, B., Brück, C., Ethofer, T., Ritter, J., Weigel, L., Erb, M., & Wildgruber, D. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Poonamallee, L., Harrington, A. M., Nagpal, M., & Musial, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00169 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Neural responses to social evaluation: The role of fear of positive and negative evaluation
Birk, S. L., Horenstein, A., Weeks, J. W., Olino, T. M., Heimberg, R. G., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102114 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurocircuitry of treatment in anxiety disorders
Baumel, W. T., Lu, L., Huang, X., Drysdale, A. T., Sweeny, J. A., Gong, Q., Sylvester, C. M., & Strawn, J. R. (2022) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100052 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Luo, L., Wu, K., Lü, Y., Gao, S., Kong, X., Lu, F., Wu, F., Wu, H., & Wang, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00926 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Psychological Treatment Action in Depression and Anxiety
Young, K. S., & Craske, M. G. (2018) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-018-0137-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lisk, S. C., Kadosh, K. C., Zich, C., Haller, S. P., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103760 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Emotional Development and Anxiety
Kiel, E. J., & Kalomiris, A. E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_25 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder: relevance and perspectives
Аврамчук, О. С. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice · doi:10.26766/pmgp.v3i3.103 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fear of negative evaluation is associated with altered brain function in nonclinical subjects
Kajimura, S., Kochiyama, T., Nakai, R., Abe, N., & Nomura, M. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Barrett, D. W., Beevers, C. G., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100449 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Executive Functioning Outcomes Among Adolescents Receiving Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Smith, A. A., Freeman, K. R., Montgomery, S., Vermeersch, D. A., & James, S. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-018-0578-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dubey, S., Dubey, M. J., Ghosh, R., Mitchell, A. J., Chatterjee, S., Das, S., Pandit, A., Ray, B. K., Das, G. C., & León, J. (2022) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v10i3.2707 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cerebral resting state markers of biased perception in social anxiety
Kreifelts, B., Weigel, L., Ethofer, T., Brück, C., Erb, M., & Wildgruber, D. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1803-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Domínguez-Pérez, J., Castro, W. P., & Rivero, F. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15030493 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Golde, S., Ludwig, S., Lippoldt, S., Rimpel, J., Schulze, L., Haucke, M. N., Renneberg, B., & Heinzel, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281387 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Talabi, F. O., Okunade, J. K., Aiyesimoju, A. B., Bello, S. A., Adelabu, O. T., Nwokolo, P. N., & Gever, V. C. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05296-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tully, L. M., Blendermann, M., Fine, J., Zakskorn, L. N., Fritz, M., Hamlett, G. E., Lamb, S. T., Moody, A., Ng, J., Parakul, N., et al. (2024) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsae024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The influence of personality traits and brain functional connectivity on social networks
Li, Y., Liu, C., Zhuang, K., Huo, T., Xu, P., Luo, Y., & Qiu, J. (2021) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.01335 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Social Criticism in the Text Scripture of Dharmasonya
Aryanto, A., Sudardi, B., Purwasito, A., & Wakit, A. (2017) · KOMUNITAS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE · doi:10.15294/komunitas.v9i1.8340 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety Disorders
Straube, T. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000240 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xiao, H., Yuan, M., Cao, Y., Liu, S., Li, H., Cao, L., Shen, D., Li, J., Deng, R., Zhang, W., et al. (2025) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaf278 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Aupperle, R. L., Berg, H. E., & Armstrong, J. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_549 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bettis, A. H., Siciliano, R. E., Rogers, B., Ichinose, M. C., & Compas, B. (2021) · Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence · doi:10.1080/09297049.2020.1870675 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bach, P., Hill, H., Reinhard, I., Gädeke, T., Kiefer, F., & Leménager, T. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01307-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Neurowissenschaftliche Befunde zur Psychotherapie von Angststörungen
Brühl, A. B., Herwig, U., Rufer, M., & Weidt, S. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000229 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Guo, M., Chen, Y., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, A., Zhang, G., Kong, J., Zhong, Y., & Wang, C. (2025) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/7823251 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, L., Chen, S., Tang, X., Bao, J., Luo, Y., & Chen, J. (2026) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108711 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hjärnan formas av psykologisk behandling
Månsson, K. N. T. (2016) · Linköping studies in behavioural science · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-132637 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders
Lisboa, J. R., Souza, J. D. R., Gomes, F. V., Guimarães, F. S., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43356-6_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Walther, D. B. (2025) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.06.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Can cognitive behaviour therapy beneficially influence arousal mechanisms in psychosis?
Howells, F. M., Baldwin, D. S., & Kingdon, D. (2015) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2499 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Executive Functioning Outcomes among Self- Harming Adolescents Receiving DBT-A
Smith, A. A. (2015) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)
Genetics of emotion regulation:
Miu, A. C., & Bîlc, M. I. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198793014.003.0011
Yabandeh, M. R., Baghooli, H., Sarvghad, S., & Koroshnia, M. (2019) · Report of Health Care
A Framework for the Pursuit of Happiness: Personality as It Relates to Subjective Well-being
Ludlum, E. B. (2015) · Scholarship @ Claremont (The Claremont Colleges)
Embodying Hot Cognition in Stress-Related Neuroadaptations
Tiba, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53989-4_4
جودة الحیاة وعلاقتها بالقلق الاجتماعى لدى الطالبات الجامعیات المصریات والسعودیات دراسة ثقافیة مقارنة
محمد, م. إ. (2021) · مجلة کلیة الآداب القاهرة · doi:10.21608/jarts.2021.153266
Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence
Gill, H., & McIntyre, R. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_98-1
Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence
Gill, H., & McIntyre, R. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_98
Yang, Z., Yu, Y., Lu, H. J., Wang, X., Xu, Y., Ying, J., Wen, X., Luo, L., Wang, M., Liu, M., et al. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.73002
Du, Y., Huang, H., Qiu, Y., Chen, T., Liu, X., Su, L., Li, X., & Huang, R. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119746
Oluah, E. B., Otu, F. M., Ugwu, E. N., Atadoga, M. A., & Otu, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-025-00623-z
Zsido, A. N., Varadi-Borbas, B., & Arató, N. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14329597
Yang, Z.-Y., Yu, Y.-Q., Lu, H., Wang, X., Xu, Y., Ying, J.-Q., Wen, X.-Y., Luo, L., Wang, M., Liu, M.-W., et al. (2025) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/73002
Tuerxun, R., & Zou, H. (2026) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-026-10717-2
- Authors
- Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Weeks, J., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Ohio University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goldin, Philippe R.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 62
- Pages
- 97-106
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4253719
- OpenAlex
- W2078322025
- Semantic Scholar
- 672420e2641f7d7c66083a4a4b7f67bb5f194937
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 11.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH (R01 MH076074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, social evaluation, emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, social criticism, superior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, posterior superior temporal gyrus, negative emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Brain, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Phobic Disorders, Social Behavior, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
