Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes

Schultz, Luke T.; Heimberg, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003

Cited by 212Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes

Schultz, Luke T., Heimberg, Richard G.·2008·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003

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Abstract

The two preeminent cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety [Clark, D.M., & Wells, A., (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In Heimberg, R.G., Liebowitz, M., Hope, D.A., and Schneier, F.R. (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guilford Press.; Rapee, R.M., & Heimberg, R.G., (1997). A cognitive behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756.] suggest that attention to threat stimuli is critical in the maintenance of social fear. However, Clark and Wells assert that socially anxious persons attend almost exclusively to negative thoughts and self-imagery during social situations, whereas Rapee and Heimberg contend that socially anxious persons simultaneously attend to these internal cues and external stimuli potentially indicative of negative evaluation, such as an audience member's facial expressions. Rapee and Heimberg further suggest that attention to external and internal cues during social situations should be interdependent, such that focus on one has causal implications for the experience of the other. The current review examines the nature of the literature as it supports the assertions of each of these models of social anxiety, with particular attention to differing predictions regarding attentional focus. We conclude that socially anxious persons engage in both internal and external focus throughout the course of a social situation; however, there are a number of significant limitations to the literature. Accordingly, directions for future research are considered.

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Hyperactive threat response may be involved in the pathophysiology of GSAD.
“Research suggests that hyperactive threat response may be involved in the pathophysiology of GSAD (Schultz and Heimberg, 2008;Shin and Liberzon, 2010).”
From Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Schultz and Heimberg, 2008

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Effects of Internal, External, and Neutral Attentional Allocation on Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety
Adamis, A. M., Jessup, S. C., & Olatunji, B. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10521-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Review article Self-focused attention in social phobia and social anxiety
Spurr, J. M., & Stopa, L. L. (2001)

Authors: Schultz, L. T., & Heimberg, R. G.
Affiliations: Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple (US)
Corresponding author: Heimberg, Richard G.
ORCID: Heimberg, Richard G.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-10
Volume: 28
Issue: 7
Pages: 1206-1221
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003
OpenAlex: W2043588156
Cited by: 212
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 1.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, attentional focus, threat attention, facial expressions
MeSH terms: Attention, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Phobic Disorders

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Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes

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