Validation of a novel attentional bias modification task: the future may be in the cards
Open accessAbstract
Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a promising therapeutic tool aimed at changing patterns of attentional selectivity associated with heightened anxiety. A number of studies have successfully implemented ABM using the modified dot-probe task. However others have not achieved the attentional change required to achieve emotional benefits, highlighting the need for new ABM methods. The current study compared the effectiveness of a newly developed ABM task against the traditional dot-probe ABM task. The new person-identity-matching (PIM) task presented participants with virtual cards, each depicting a happy and angry person. The task encourages selective attention toward or away from threat by requiring participants to make matching judgements between two cards, based either on the identities of the happy faces, or of the angry faces. Change in attentional bias achieved by both ABM tasks was measured by a dot-probe assessment task. Their impact on emotional vulnerability was assessed by measuring negative emotional reactions to a video stressor. The PIM task succeeded in modifying attentional bias, and exerting an impact on emotional reactivity, whereas this was not the case for the dot-probe task. These results are considered in relation to the potential clinical utility of the current task in comparison to traditional ABM methodologies.
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Lack of consensus about why conventional ABM has inconsistent effects has encouraged development of alternative methods with preliminary efficacy data.
“Lack of consensus regarding why conventional ABM threat-avoidance training has inconsistent effects (discussed earlier) has encouraged the development of various alternative methods which have preliminary data suggesting efficacy”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
Evidence for therapeutic efficacy of alternative ABM training methods is limited.
“Evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of alternative ABM training methods is limited.”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
In most ABM training methods, nonthreat targets are more likely to appear in different locations from threat cues, encouraging attention-orienting away from threat.
“In most ABM training methods, nonthreat targets are more likely to appear in different locations [ 5 0 8 _ T D $ D I F F ] from threat cues, which encourages attention-orienting away from threat.”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
Preliminary nonclinical studies report short-term positive effects with several ABM methods.
“Preliminary nonclinical studies report short-term positive effects (e.g., reduced stress reactivity after singlesession training) with several methods (A-FACT, gamified ABM, person-identity matching, emotional face visual search training) [18,20,68,70].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
Single-session PIM training is more effective than conventional ABM-threat-avoidance training in modifying AB to threat in a nonclinical sample.
“and AB to threat in a nonclinical sample”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Notebaert et al., 2015
Single-session PIM training is more effective than conventional ABM-threat-avoidance training in modifying self-reported stress reactivity in a nonclinical sample.
“Notebaert et al.'s preliminary results suggest that single-session PIM training is more effective than conventional ABM-threat-avoidance training in modifying self-reported stress reactivity”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Notebaert et al., 2015
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Cognitive Bias Modification Strategies for Anxious Children
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Effects of Self-Affirmation on Trait Anxiety and Social Performance Perception
김미래, & 양재원 (2018) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2018.23.4.004
Gamified web-delivered attentional bias modification training for the management of chronic pain
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Is Emotional Expression Perceived? The Effect of Positive Emoji Position on Attentional Bias
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- Authors
- Notebaert, L., Clarke, P. J. F., Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Notebaert, Lies
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 93-100
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012969272
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre
- Australian Research Council (DP140104448, DP140103713)
- Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research (PNII-ID-PCCE-2011-2-0045)
- CNCS–UEFISCDI
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- attentional bias modification, dot-probe task, threat-related attention, anxiety, emotional reactivity, emotional vulnerability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Behavior Therapy, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult
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