Dragging Ras Back in the Ring

Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

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ras GENES

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K-Ras(G12C) inhibitors allosterically control GTP affinity and effector interactions

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Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via targeted nanoparticles

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A Comprehensive Survey of Ras Mutations in Cancer

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Oncogenic Kras maintains pancreatic tumors through regulation of anabolic glucose metabolism

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GEFs and GAPs: Critical Elements in the Control of Small G Proteins

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Ras oncogenes: split personalities

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Phase II Study of Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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EGFR-Mediated Reactivation of MAPK Signaling Contributes to Insensitivity of BRAF -Mutant Colorectal Cancers to RAF Inhibition with Vemurafenib

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The RASopathies

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Essential role for oncogenic Ras in tumour maintenance

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Normal and oncogenic p21ras proteins bind to the amino-terminal regulatory domain of c-Raf-1

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A Gene Expression Signature Associated with “K-Ras Addiction” Reveals Regulators of EMT and Tumor Cell Survival

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Transforming genes of human bladder and lung carcinoma cell lines are homologous to the ras genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses.

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Association of KRAS p.G13D Mutation with Outcome in Patients with Chemotherapy-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Cetuximab

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Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro

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Activation of the T24 bladder carcinoma transforming gene is linked to a single amino acid change

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T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene is an activated form of the normal human homologue of BALB- and Harvey-MSV transforming genes

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Complex formation between RAS and RAF and other protein kinases.

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Small-molecule ligands bind to a distinct pocket in Ras and inhibit SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange activity

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Small molecule inhibition of the KRAS–PDEδ interaction impairs oncogenic KRAS signalling

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Tumor adaptation and resistance to RAF inhibitors

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Induction and apoptotic regression of lung adenocarcinomas by regulation of a K-Ras transgene in the presence and absence of tumor suppressor genes

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K-ras is an essential gene in the mouse with partial functional overlap with N-rasPreprint

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An activity phosphorylating tyrosine in polyoma T antigen immunoprecipitates

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Effect of KRAS Oncogene Substitutions on Protein Behavior: Implications for Signaling and Clinical Outcome

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Discovery of Small Molecules that Bind to K‐Ras and Inhibit Sos‐Mediated Activation

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Germline loss-of-function mutations in SPRED1 cause a neurofibromatosis 1–like phenotype

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PKC Regulates a Farnesyl-Electrostatic Switch on K-Ras that Promotes its Association with Bcl-Xl on Mitochondria and Induces Apoptosis

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A Synthetic Lethal Interaction between K-Ras Oncogenes and Cdk4 Unveils a Therapeutic Strategy for Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

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Basal Subtype and MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Feedback Signaling Determine Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to MEK Inhibition

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Relief of Feedback Inhibition of HER3 Transcription by RAF and MEK Inhibitors Attenuates Their Antitumor Effects in BRAF -Mutant Thyroid Carcinomas

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MEK Inhibition Leads to PI3K/AKT Activation by Relieving a Negative Feedback on ERBB Receptors

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An essential function of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase Erk2 in mouse trophoblast development

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Embryonic death of Mek1-deficient mice reveals a role for this kinase in angiogenesis in the labyrinthine region of the placenta

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Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Ras Proteins

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Signaling Specificity by Ras Family GTPases Is Determined by the Full Spectrum of Effectors They Regulate

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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 is necessary for mesoderm differentiation

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Tumour maintenance is mediated by eNOS

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c-Raf, but not B-Raf, is essential for development of K-Ras oncogene-driven non-small cell lung carcinoma

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Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic K‐Ras by a Covalent Catalytic Site Inhibitor

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Essential role for ERK2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in placental development

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The GATA2 Transcriptional Network Is Requisite for RAS Oncogene-Driven Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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Reconstitution of the Raf-1-MEK-ERK Signal Transduction Pathway In Vitro

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Allosteric modulation of Ras positions Q61 for a direct role in catalysis

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Conformational Transitions in p21 ras and in Its Complexes with the Effector Protein Raf-RBD and the GTPase Activating Protein GAP

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R-Ras can activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase but not the MAP kinase arm of the Ras effector pathways

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Oncogenic and Wild-type Ras Play Divergent Roles in the Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling

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Ubiquitination of K-Ras Enhances Activation and Facilitates Binding to Select Downstream Effectors

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RalGDS is required for tumor formation in a model of skin carcinogenesis

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Calmodulin Binds to K-Ras, but Not to H- or N-Ras, and Modulates Its Downstream Signaling

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A shared molecular mechanism underlies the human rasopathies Legius syndrome and Neurofibromatosis-1Preprint

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Transient reversion of ras oncogene-induced cell transformation by antibodies specific for amino acid 12 of ras protein

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Retroviral oncogenes: a historical primer

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Rare Codons Regulate KRas Oncogenesis

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A Potent and Selective Quinoxalinone-Based STK33 Inhibitor Does Not Show Synthetic Lethality in KRAS-Dependent Cells

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Guanosine triphosphatase stimulation of oncogenic Ras mutants

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Activation of c‐Raf‐1 by Ras and Src through different mechanisms: activation in vivo and in vitro

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HDAC6 and SIRT2 Regulate the Acetylation State and Oncogenic Activity of Mutant K-RAS

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p21 of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus is thermolabile in a viral mutant temperature sensitive for the maintenance of transformation

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Mek1/2 MAPK Kinases Are Essential for Mammalian Development, Homeostasis, and Raf-Induced Hyperplasia

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RAF Inhibitors Activate the MAPK Pathway by Relieving Inhibitory Autophosphorylation

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The RalGEF-Ral Effector Signaling Network: The Road Less Traveled for Anti-Ras Drug Discovery

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Replacement of K‐Ras with H‐Ras supports normal embryonic development despite inducing cardiovascular pathology in adult mice

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Kras regulatory elements and exon 4A determine mutation specificity in lung cancer

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Preferential DNA Damage and Poor Repair Determine ras Gene Mutational Hotspot in Human Cancer

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Isoform-Specific Ras Functions in Development and Cancer

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Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Germ Line KRAS Mutations

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Activation and Involvement of Ral GTPases in Colorectal Cancer

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Inhibiting the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle selectively reduces the growth of hematopoietic cells expressing oncogenic Nras

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Rce1 deficiency accelerates the development of K-RAS–induced myeloproliferative disease

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Identification of Essential Interacting Elements in K-Ras/Calmodulin Binding and Its Role in K-Ras Localization

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Inhibition of Ras–effector interactions by cyclic peptides

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Two conformational states of Ras GTPase exhibit differential GTP-binding kinetics

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Ral GTPases in tumorigenesis: Emerging from the shadows

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Antibodies specific for amino acid 12 of the ras oncogene product inhibit GTP binding.

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Reversal of transformed phenotype by monoclonal antibodies against Ha-ras p21 proteins

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Mutations that abolish the ability of Ha-Ras to associate with Raf-1.

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Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase deficiency exacerbates KRAS-driven pancreatic neoplasia via Notch suppression

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Role of TC21/R-Ras2 in enhanced migration of neurofibromin-deficient Schwann cells

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Erk1 and Erk2 are required for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and adult hematopoiesis

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B-Raf is required for ERK activation and tumor progression in a mouse model of pancreatic β-cell carcinogenesis

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