Cited by 515Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalitiesGenome Rearrangement AlgorithmsGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies

Characterizing the Major Structural Variant Alleles of the Human Genome

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Audano, Peter A., Sulovari, Arvis, Graves-Lindsay, Tina A., Cantsilieris, Stuart, Sorensen, Melanie, Welch, AnneMarie E., Dougherty, Max L., Nelson, Bradley J. +8 more·2019·Cell

Abstract

In order to provide a comprehensive resource for human structural variants (SVs), we generated long-read sequence data and analyzed SVs for fifteen human genomes. We sequence resolved 99,604 insertions, deletions, and inversions including 2,238 (1.6 Mbp) that are shared among all discovery genomes with an additional 13,053 (6.9 Mbp) present in the majority, indicating minor alleles or errors in the reference. Genotyping in 440 additional genomes confirms the most common SVs in unique euchromatin are now sequence resolved. We report a ninefold SV bias toward the last 5 Mbp of human chromosomes with nearly 55% of all VNTRs (variable number of tandem repeats) mapping to this portion of the genome. We identify SVs affecting coding and noncoding regulatory loci improving annotation and interpretation of functional variation. These data provide the framework to construct a canonical human reference and a resource for developing advanced representations capable of capturing allelic diversity.

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  • The released assemblies provide a large set of fully phased human genome assemblies and outperform earlier efforts on many levels of assembly quality.

    “This provides a large set of fully phased human genome assemblies and outperforms earlier efforts on many levels of assembly quality5,16,60.”

    From A draft human pangenome reference. (2023) · cites this paper as [60]

    The Discussion reports that sequence contigs from 13 samples were released to NCBI, and the Methods describe local assemblies made to identify structural variants (pages unavailable in our copy). These passages support the release of assembled sequence, but not a large set of fully phased whole-genome assemblies. The paper also does not report that those assemblies outperform earlier efforts on multiple measures of assembly quality. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Audano, P. A., Sulovari, A., Graves-Lindsay, T. A., Cantsilieris, S., Sorensen, M., Welch, A. E., Dougherty, M. L., Nelson, B. J., Shah, A., Dutcher, S. K., Warren, W. C., Magrini, V., McGrath, S. D., Li, Y. I., Wilson, R. K., & Eichler, E. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Eichler, Evan E.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-01
Volume
176
Issue
3
Pages
663-675.e19
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2908721251
Cited by
492
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 1
FWCI
48.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. National Institutes of Health (HG002385, HG007635, HG009081, HG003079, HG009478, T32 HG000035-23)
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
  • NHMRC (1073726)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genome Rearrangement Algorithms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Keywords
structural variants, human genome, insertion, deletion, inversion, long-read sequencing, variable number tandem repeats, euchromatin, regulatory loci, allelic diversity
MeSH terms
Alleles, Gene Frequency, Humans, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Minisatellite Repeats, Euchromatin, Genomics, Genomic Structural Variation

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