New role of irisin in hepatocytes: the protective effect of hepatic steatosis in vitro

Park, Min-Jung; Kim, Dong-Il; Choi, Joo-Hee; Heo, Young-Ran; Park, Soo-Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.010

Cited by 170Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesLiver physiology and pathology

New role of irisin in hepatocytes: the protective effect of hepatic steatosis in vitro

Park, Min-Jung, Kim, Dong-Il, Choi, Joo-Hee, Heo, Young-Ran, Park, Soo-Hyun·2015·Cellular Signalling

DOI 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.010

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Abstract

Irisin is a newly identified myokine related to exercise and the browning of white fat. Recently, it was reported that irisin serum levels are associated with intrahepatic triglyceride content, suggesting that it might have an important role in the liver. The aim of this study was to determine the role of irisin in hepatocytes. Specifically, the effect of recombinant irisin on palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipogenesis and its related signal pathways were examined in AML12 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. In the present study, we observed the presence of irisin inside the cells in response to the treatment of recombinant irisin by flow cytometry and cell imaging technique. Recombinant irisin significantly inhibited the PA-induced increase in lipogenic markers ACC and FAS at the mRNA and protein levels, and prevented the PA-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Additionally, irisin inhibited the PA-induced increase in the expression, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activities of the master regulators of lipogenesis (LXRα and SREBP-1c). Moreover, irisin attenuated PA-induced oxidative stress, which was confirmed by measuring the expression of inflammatory markers (NFκB, COX-2, p38 MAPK, TNF, IL-6) and superoxide indicator (dihydroethidium). The preventive effects of irisin against lipogenesis and oxidative stress were mediated by the inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase-3 (PRMT3). These findings suggested that irisin might have a beneficial role in the prevention of hepatic steatosis by altering the expression of lipogenic genes and attenuating oxidative stress in a PRMT3 dependent manner.

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The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of irisin in hepatocytes may help decrease hepatic steatosis and favor a healthy hepatokine profile that contributes to decreased fat mass.
“the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of irisin have also been described in hepatocytes, which may help decrease hepatic steatosis [65] and favor a healthy hepatokine profile which also contributes to decreased fat mass [23].”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
OCN and irisin may exert direct anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the liver.
“OCN [28,215] and irisin [61,65], on the other hand, may also exert direct anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the liver.”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
Irisin, IL-15, and BAIBA inhibit hepatic lipogenesis.
“while others such as irisin [65], IL-15 [90], and BAIBA [113] have been found to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis (7).”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
Recombinant irisin inhibits expression of key regulators of lipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and lipogenic enzymes in hepatocytes.
“Studies have demonstrated that recombinant irisin inhibits the expression of key regulators of lipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and lipogenic enzymes in hepatocytes (90).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [90]

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Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism
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Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
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Irisin alleviates FFA induced β-cell insulin resistance and inflammatory response through activating PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway
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Increased FNDC5/Irisin expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma
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A Review on the Role of Irisin in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Retracted
Irisin Ameliorates Glucolipotoxicity-Associated β-Cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis via AMPK Signaling and Anti-Inflammatory Actions
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Association between muscle strength and advanced fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a Korean nationwide survey
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Irisin acts as a regulator of macrophages host defense
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Irisin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Improves Mitochondrial Function Through AMPK Pathway in Diabetic Mice
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Exercise Ameliorates Emphysema Of Cigarette Smoke-Induced COPD In Mice Through The Exercise-Irisin-Nrf2 Axis
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Irisin Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury through Modulation of Histone Deacetylase 4
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The Effect of Irisin as a Metabolic Regulator and Its Therapeutic Potential for Obesity
Li, H., Wang, F., Mu, Y., Sun, J., Zhao, Y. C., & Tang, D. (2021) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2021/6572342 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Daneshi‐Maskooni, M., Keshavarz, S. A., Qorbani, M., Mansouri, S., Alavian, S. M., Badri-Fariman, M., Jazayeri-Tehrani, S. A., & Sotoudeh, G. (2019) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lack of Adipocyte-Fndc5/Irisin Expression and Secretion Reduces Thermogenesis and Enhances Adipogenesis
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Irisin promotes cardiac progenitor cell-induced myocardial repair and functional improvement in infarcted heart
Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Yano, N., Zhang, L. X., Wang, H., Zhang, S.-Y., Qin, G., Dubielecka, P., Zhuang, S., Liu, P., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.27037 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effect of Chronic Resistance Training on Circulating Irisin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Irisin and Incretin Hormones: Similarities, Differences, and Implications in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Marrano, N., Biondi, G., Borrelli, A., Cignarelli, A., Perrini, S., Laviola, L., Giorgino, F., & Natalicchio, A. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11020286 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
An update on the validity of irisin assays and the link between irisin and hepatic metabolism
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Palmitic acid but not palmitoleic acid induces insulin resistance in a human endothelial cell line by decreasing SERCA pump expression
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Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Daneshi‐Maskooni, M., Keshavarz, S. A., Qorbani, M., Mansouri, S., Alavian, S. M., Badri-Fariman, M., Jazayeri-Tehrani, S. A., & Sotoudeh, G. (2018) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0297-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Therapeutic Approaches to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Exercise Intervention and Related Mechanisms
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Association between Irisin, hs-CRP, and Metabolic Status in Children and Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Elizondo‐Montemayor, L., González-Gil, A. M., Tamez‐Rivera, O., Toledo‐Salinas, C., Peschard-Franco, M., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, N. A., Silva‐Platas, C., & García‐Rivas, G. (2019) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2019/6737318 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fibronectin Type III Domain–Containing Protein 5 rs3480 A>G Polymorphism, Irisin, and Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Hexane-Isopropanolic Extract of Tungrymbai, a North-East Indian fermented soybean food prevents hepatic steatosis via regulating AMPK-mediated SREBP/FAS/ACC/HMGCR and PPARα/CPT1A/UCP2 pathways
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The bone anabolic effects of irisin are through preferential stimulation of aerobic glycolysis
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Organokines in disease
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Gamma-glutamyl carboxylated Gas6 mediates the beneficial effect of vitamin K on lowering hyperlipidemia via regulating the AMPK/SREBP1/PPARα signaling cascade of lipid metabolism
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Lower levels of irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
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Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook
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The Physiological Role of Irisin in the Regulation of Muscle Glucose Homeostasis
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Discovery of Potent and Selective Allosteric Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3)
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Sex-related variations in liver homeostasis and disease: From zonation dynamics to clinical implications
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Excessive irisin increases oxidative stress and apoptosis in murine heart
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Silymarin on Liver Injury via Irisin Upregulation and Oxidative Stress Reduction in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes.
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Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome
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Irisin at the crossroads of inter-organ communications: Challenge and implications
Zhao, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.989135 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Protein arginine methyltransferase 3: A crucial regulator in metabolic reprogramming and gene expression in cancers
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Exercise training increases cardiac, hepatic and circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin in young and aged rats
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New insight of obesity-associated NAFLD: Dysregulated “crosstalk” between multi-organ and the liver?
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Association of Circulating Irisin Levels and the Characteristics and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Pan, J.-A., Zhang, H., Yu, Q., Zhang, J.-F., Wang, C.-Q., Gu, J., & Chen, K. (2021) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2021.02.020 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Potential contribution of monounsaturated fatty acids to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease
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Irisin: circulating levels in serum and its relation to gonadal axis
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PRMT3 interacts with ALDH1A1 and regulates gene-expression by inhibiting retinoic acid signaling
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Irisin protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via attenuating AMPK mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress
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TLR4/AP-1-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Intervention Attenuates Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Steatosis
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The Influence of Physical Exercise, Ketogenic Diet, and Time-Restricted Eating on De Novo Lipogenesis: A Narrative Review
Paoli, A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17040663 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Potential of Irisin as a Therapeutic for Diabetes
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Antioxidant Effects of Irisin in Liver Diseases: Mechanistic Insights
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The Role of Irisin throughout Women’s Life Span
Barbagallo, F., Cannarella, R., Garofalo, V., Marino, M., Vignera, S. L., Condorelli, R. A., Tiranini, L., Nappi, R. E., & Calogero, A. E. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123260 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Relationship between Irisin Concentration and Serum Cytokines in Mother and Newborn
Hernández‐Trejo, M., García‐Rivas, G., Torres‐Quintanilla, A., & Laresgoiti‐Servitje, E. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165229 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Does iris(in) bring bad news or good news?
Buscemi, S., Corleo, D., Buscemi, C., & Giordano, C. S. D. S. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0431-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 3 activity selectively impairs liver X receptor‐driven transcription of hepatic lipogenic genes in vivo
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Irisin Regulates the Functions of Hepatic Stellate Cells
Dong, H. N., Park, S. Y., Le, C. T., Choi, D.-H., & Cho, E.-H. (2020) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2020.658 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Adipokines regulate the development and progression of MASLD through organellar oxidative stress
Zhao, K., Zhang, H., Ding, W., Yu, X., Hou, Y., Liu, X., Li, X., & Wang, X. (2025) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000639 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Irisin Improves Myocardial Performance and Attenuates Insulin Resistance in Spontaneous Mutation (Leprdb) Mice
Wang, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L. X., Dubielecka, P., Zhuang, S., Qin, G., Chin, Y., Zhang, S.-Y., & Zhao, T. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00769 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Resistance Exercise Regulates Hepatic Lipolytic Factors as Effective as Aerobic Exercise in Obese Mice
Bae, J. Y. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228307 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer’s disease
Kim, E., Tanzi, R. E., & Choi, S. H. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00098 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Role of Irisin, Insulin and Leptin in Maternal and Fetal Interaction
Ökdemir, D., Hatipoğlu, N., Kurtoğlu, S., Şıraz, Ü. G., Akar, H. H., Muhtaroğlu, S., & Kütük, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.0096 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Investigating fibrosis and inflammation in an ex vivo NASH murine model
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Fish oil and chicoric acid combination protects better against palmitate-induced lipid accumulation via regulating AMPK-mediated SREBP-1/FAS and PPARα/UCP2 pathways
Mohammadi, M. R., Abbasalipourkabir, R., & Ziamajidi, N. (2020) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/13813455.2020.1789881 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Serum Irisin Levels and Clinical Implication in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Xuan, X., Lin, J., Zhang, Y., Zhou, L., Xu, L., Jia, J., Zhao, B., Lin, Z., Zhu, Q. N., Li, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr4261 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Exercise enhances hepatic mitochondrial structure and function while preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in mice fed a high-fat diet
Souza-Tavares, H., Santana-Oliveira, D. A., Vasques‐Monteiro, I. M. L., Silva-Veiga, F. M., Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A., & Souza‐Mello, V. (2024) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2024.04.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Comparison of irisin hormone expression between thyroid cancer tissues and oncocytic variant cells
Uğur, K., Aydın, S., Kuloğlu, T., Artaş, G., Koçdor, M. A., Şahin, İ., Yardım, M., & Özercan, İ. H. (2019) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s201979 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Irisin in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: Functions in system and potential in therapy
Wang, Y.-T., Zheng, S., Jiang, S., Luo, Y., Wu, Y., Naranmandakh, S., Li, Y., Liu, S.-G., & Xiao, W. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107480 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Molecular Basis of Irisin Regulating the Effects of Exercise on Insulin Resistance
Lin, J., Liu, X., Zhou, Y., Zhu, B., Wang, Y., Cui, W., Peng, Y., Wang, B., Chen, Z., & Zhao, R. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12125837 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF03) Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Through Inhibiting Lipogenesis and Anti-Oxidation Mechanisms
Cui, Y., Chang, R., Zhang, T., Zhou, X., Wang, Q., Gao, H., Hou, L., Loor, J. J., & Xu, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01190 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Myokines and adipomyokines: inflammatory mediators or unique molecules of targeted therapy for obesity?
Vasyukova, O. V., Kasyanova, Y. V., Okorokov, P. L., & Bezlepkina, O. B. (2021) · Problems of Endocrinology · doi:10.14341/probl12779 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Influence of Irisin on Selected Organs—The Liver, Kidneys, and Lungs: The Role of Physical Exercise
Ciałowicz, M., Woźniewski, M., Murawska‐Ciałowicz, E., & Dzięgiel, P. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14161228 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The role of Irisin in multiorgan protection
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ShenFu Preparation Protects AML12 Cells Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Injury Through Inhibition of Both JNK/Nox4 and JNK/NFκB Pathways
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Neuroplasticity to autophagy cross-talk in a therapeutic effect of physical exercises and irisin in ADHD
Abdulghani, A., Poghosyan, M., Mehren, A., Philipsen, A., & Anderzhanova, E. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.997054 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Irisin Protects Against Hind Limb Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Küçük, A., Polat, Y., Kılıçarslan, A., Süngü, N., Kartal, H., Dursun, A. D., & Arslan, M. (2021) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s279318 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Circulating irisin levels of prenatal and postnatal patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lingling, C., Qiao, T., Xu, F., Li, Z., Chen, T., Su, H., Chen, G., Zhang, L., Xu, D., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154924 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Free radical scavenging polyphenols isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. ameliorates hyperglycemia via SIRT1 induction and GLUT4 translocation in in vitro and in vivo models
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Effect of Heat Stimulation on Circulating Irisin in Humans
Park, T.-H., Lee, H.-J., & Lee, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.675377 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Irisin has no effect on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or fatty acid metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes
Wang, C., Wang, L., Li, W., Yan, F., Tian, M., Wu, C., Qi, L., Wang, X., Song, J., Hou, X., et al. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-014-0458-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Irisin Alleviates Impaired Mitochondrial Fusion via Enhancing PKA/SIRT3/mTOR Pathway in Hepatic Steatosis
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Involvement of kindlin‐2 in irisin’s protection against ischaemia reperfusion‐induced liver injury in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Jia, Z., Ren, Y., Bi, J., Wang, M., Zhang, L., Wang, T., Wei, S., Mou, X., Lv, Y., & Wu, R. (2020) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.15910 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Irisin promotes lipid clearance through the CD81-integrin-FAK axis in steatotic hepatocytes
Chen, P.-H., Lin, Y., Chen, J., Lee, P.-H., Chang, Y.-C., Sun, C.-K., Kao, Y. H., & Tai, M. (2026) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-026-01245-4

Authors: Park, M.-J., Kim, D.-I., Choi, J.-H., Heo, Y.-R., & Park, S.-H.
Affiliations: Chonnam National University (KR)
Corresponding author: Heo, Young-Ran
Park, Soo-Hyun
ORCID: Park, Min-Jung
Kim, Dong-Il
Heo, Young-Ran
Venue: Cellular Signalling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-09
Volume: 27
Issue: 9
Pages: 1831-1839
ISSN: 0898-6568 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.010
OpenAlex: W2043905763
Cited by: 168
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 12.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Cellular Signalling (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Keywords: irisin, hepatic steatosis, hepatocytes, palmitic acid, lipogenesis, oxidative stress, PRMT3, liver X receptor alpha, SREBP-1c, myokines, lipid accumulation, AML12 cells
MeSH terms: Liver X Receptors, Animals, Cell Line, Fatty Liver, Fibronectins, Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Palmitic Acid, Hepatocytes, Mice, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, Orphan Nuclear Receptors

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New role of irisin in hepatocytes: the protective effect of hepatic steatosis in vitro

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