Irisin in metabolic diseases
Abstract
Introduction Irisin is a myokine/adipokine induced by the exercise in mice and humans, which is proposed to induce "browning" of white adipose tissue, its primary target, thus increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Since its identification, irisin has been linked to favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic bone diseases. Generally, despite the promising profile of irisin in rodents, its effects on human are less recognized.Review Most, but not all studies show a positive association between irisin and indices of adiposity. In T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD, most observational studies reported lower irisin levels in patients than controls. Regarding metabolic bone diseases, irisin is positively associated with bone mineral density and strength in athletes, and inversely associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In PCOS, data remain largely conflicting. Irisin does not seem to be further reduced when two metabolic diseases, e.g., T2DM and NAFLD, or obesity and NAFLD exist though more data are needed. Furthermore, it seems that diverse confounders may have affected the results of different clinical studies.Conclusion Irisin remains an appealing molecule from a pathophysiological point of view and an appealing therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, albeit much research is still needed.
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Irisin concentrations are increased in obesity in humans.
“Irisin concentrations have been found to be increased in obesity in humans [39].”
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Self-citation
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- Authors
- Polyzos, S. A., Anastasilakis, A. D., Efstathiadou, Z. A., Makras, P., Perakakis, N., Kountouras, J., & Mantzoros, C. S.
- Affiliations
- 424 General Military Hospital (GR)
- Ippokrateio General Hospital of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Hellenic Air Force (GR)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Endocrine
- Published
- 2017-11-23
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 260-274
- ISSN
- 0969-711X (ISSN-L)
- 1355-008X
- 1559-0100
- OpenAlex
- W2768402021
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- irisin, metabolic disorders, white adipose tissue browning, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, physical activity, obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic bone disease, bone mineral density, osteoporotic fractures, postmenopausal osteoporosis, adipokines, myokines, lipid metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Fibronectins, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Bone Density, Muscle, Skeletal, Adiposity, Adipose Tissue, White
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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