Narrative Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Traumatized Children and Adolescents (KidNET): From Neurocognitive Theory to Field Intervention
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Many children in war-affected and refugee populations have experienced multiple traumatic experiences, and high rates of psychologic disorders, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are found. Intervention strategies require pragmatic and effective approaches to treatment. This article describes the rationale for and the use of narrative exposure therapy in children (KidNET). KidNET is a short-term treatment for PTSD based on a neurocognitive theory of traumatic memory. Early treatment trials, including randomized controlled studies, show promising results for the treatment of children and adolescents who have PTSD living in war-affected countries and refugee communities.
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Narrative exposure therapy has been used effectively with children and adults across a variety of settings, including refugee and humanitarian contexts.
“NET has been used effectively with children and adults across a variety of settings, including refugee and humanitarian contexts [71,72,73].”
KidNET is an adaptation of narrative exposure therapy for 12- to 17-year-old war-affected youths with multiple trauma exposures and moderate-to-severe PTSD.
“Narrative exposure therapy has been adapted for war-affected adolescents and children aged 12 to 17 years (KidNET) presenting with multiple war trauma exposures and meeting moderate to severe criteria for PTSD.82”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [82]
More complex traumatization involving multiple event types leads to more severe pathology and may be more difficult to treat.
“In theory, a more complex traumatization involving multiple event types leads to a more severe pathology and may be more difficult to treat [18].”
From Treating children traumatized by war and tsunami: a comparison between exposure therapy and meditation-relaxation in north-east Sri Lanka (2009) · cites this paper as [18]
KIDNET, a version of NET adapted for children, has been tested in a pilot study in an Ugandan refugee camp with Somali refugee children diagnosed with PTSD, with promising results.
“KIDNET, a version of NET adapted for the treatment of children [18], has been tested in a pilot study in an Ugandan refugee camp with Somali refugee children diagnosed with PTSD [19,20] with promising results.”
From Treating children traumatized by war and tsunami: a comparison between exposure therapy and meditation-relaxation in north-east Sri Lanka (2009) · cites this paper as [18]
The efficacy of NET has already been shown across cultures in Europe, Africa and Asia.
“In contrast, the efficacy of NET has already been shown across cultures in Europe, Africa and Asia [15,16,18].”
From Treating children traumatized by war and tsunami: a comparison between exposure therapy and meditation-relaxation in north-east Sri Lanka (2009) · cites this paper as [18]
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Robjant, K., & Fazel, M. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.07.004 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Charrow, A. P., & Tol, W. A. (2013) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0b013e318283bf8f · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Catani, C., Kohiladevy, M., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Elbert, T., & Neuner, F. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-22 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationRuf, M., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., Catani, C., Schauer, E., & Elbert, T. (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20548 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationA behavioral intervention for war-affected youth in Sierra Leone: a randomized controlled trial
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R., Newnham, E. A., Akinsulure-Smith, A. M., Brennan, R. T., Weisz, J. R., & Hansen, N. B. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.011 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Gwozdziewycz, N., & Mehl-Madrona, L. (2013) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/12-058 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for adult refugees and asylum seekers
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Self-citationVogel, A., & Rosner, R. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-019-00305-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lakin, D. P., García-Moreno, C., & Roesch, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052916 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Neuner, F., Catani, C., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Neuner, Frank
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 641-664
- ISSN
- 1056-4993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984076752
- Semantic Scholar
- ca02e39050f54aa08e06b7be58a4672667302622
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
- Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- European Refugee Fund
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- narrative exposure therapy, post-traumatic stress disorder, children and adolescents, traumatic memory, neurocognitive theory, war-affected populations, refugees, trauma treatment
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Child, Cognition, Humans, Psychological Theory, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Narration
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