Detection of perfluorooctane surfactants in Great Lakes water
Abstract
Widespread use of perfluorooctane surfactants has led to ubiquitous presence of these chemicals in biological tissues. While perfluorooctane surfactants have been measured in blood and liver tissue samples of fish, birds, and mammals in the Great Lakes region, data for the aqueous concentrations of these compounds in the Great Lakes or other ambient waters is lacking. Sixteen Great Lakes water samples were analyzed for eight perfluorooctane surfactants. The monitored perfluorooctane surfactants were quantitatively determined using single quadrupole HPLC/MS and qualitatively confirmed using ion trap MS/MS. Additionally, PFOS was quantitatively confirmed using triple quadrupole LC/MS/MS. Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the two lakes ranged from 21-70 and 27-50 ng/L, respectively. Analysis also showed the presence of PFOS precursors, N-EtFOSAA (range of 4.2-11 ng/L) and FOSA (range of 0.6-1.3 ng/L), in all samples above the LOQ. PFOSulfinate, another precursor, was identified at six of eight locations with a concentration range, when present, of <2.2-17 ng/L. Other PFOS precursors, N-EtFOSE, PFOSAA, and N-EtFOSA were not observed at any of the sampling locations. These are the first reported concentrations of perfluorooctane surfactants in Great Lakes water and the first report of PFOS precursors in any water body.
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PFOA and PFOS concentrations in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie ranged from 21 to 70 ng L−1 and 27 to 50 ng L−1, respectively.
“the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie ranged from 21 to 70 and 27–50 ng L−1, respectively.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Boulanger et al. (2004)
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- Authors
- Boulanger, B., Vargo, J., Schnoor, J. L., & Hornbuckle, K. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hornbuckle, Keri C.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-06-22
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 4064-4070
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1964923030
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 15.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Iowa Research Online (University of Iowa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- National Institutes of Health
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30-ES-05605, P30ES005605)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorinated compounds, environmental contamination, fosA
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Caprylates, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Fishes, Fluorocarbons, Fresh Water, Great Lakes Region, Mass Spectrometry, Surface-Active Agents, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids
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