Multiple online victimization of Spanish adolescents: Results from a community sample
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Little is known about online victimization of Spanish adolescents. The present study aims to determine the past-year prevalence of online victimization in a community sample of Spanish adolescents. The final sample consisted of 3,897 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M=14.45, SD=1.59), 1,836 males and 2,049 females, recruited from 39 secondary schools in the east of Spain. The Cuestionario de victimización juvenil mediante internet y/o teléfono móvil (hereinafter, Juvenile Online Victimization Questionnaire, JOV-Q, Montiel & Carbonell, 2012) was applied for the assessment of eight types of online victimization grouped in two major domains: sexual (sexual coercion, sexual pressure, online grooming by an adult, unwanted exposure to sexual content and violation of privacy); and nonsexual victimization (online harassment, happy slapping, pressure to obtain personal information). Sixty-one percent of adolescents reported online victimization during the last year. Online sexual victimization was reported by 39.5% of adolescents and nonsexual victimization by 53.4% of them, whereas 31% of youth reported having experienced online victimization in both domains. The highest prevalence rates were recorded for online harassment (50%), unwanted exposure to sexual content (24.4%), pressure to obtain personal information (18.4%) and online grooming by an adult (17.2%), and the lowest for sexual coercion (6.7%) and happy slapping (2.2%). Thirty-five percent of the adolescents were considered online polyvictims and most of them experienced victimization in both sexual and nonsexual domains (88%). This study illustrates that Spanish adolescents experience high levels of online victimization and that multiple online victimization appears to be the norm among cybervictims.
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Online grooming affects girls more than boys.
“As well as affecting girls more than boys (Mitchell et al. 2014; Montiel et al. 2015)”
From “It’s just a joke”: gender, sexuality and trivialisation in adolescent online violence such as cyberhate, cyberbullying, and online grooming (2025) · cites this paper as Montiel et al. 2015
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- Authors
- Montiel, I., Carbonell, E., & Pereda, N.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Montiel, Irene
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 52
- Pages
- 123-134
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2216641730
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Keywords
- cyber victimization, adolescents, sexual victimization, online harassment, happy slapping, online grooming, privacy violations, polyvictimization, prevalence, Spanish adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Harassment, Non-Sexual, Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Spain, Incidence, Sexual Harassment, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Crime Victims, Internet
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