DAI/ZBP1/DLM-1 Complexes with RIP3 to Mediate Virus-Induced Programmed Necrosis that Is Targeted by Murine Cytomegalovirus vIRA
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Programmed necrosis, like apoptosis, eliminates pathogen-infected cells as a component of host defense. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 3 (also called RIPK3) mediates RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-dependent programmed necrosis induced by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection or death receptor activation and suppressed by the MCMV-encoded viral inhibitor of RIP activation (vIRA). We find that interferon-independent expression of DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI, also known as ZBP1 or DLM-1) sensitizes cells to virus-induced necrosis and that DAI knockdown or knockout cells are resistant to this death pathway. Importantly, as with RIP3(-/-) mice, vIRA mutant MCMV pathogenesis is restored in DAI(-/-) mice, consistent with a DAI-RIP3 complex being the natural target of vIRA. Thus, DAI interacts with RIP3 to mediate virus-induced necrosis analogous to the RIP1-RIP3 complex controlling death receptor-induced necroptosis. These studies unveil a role for DAI as the RIP3 partner mediating virus-induced necrosis.
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Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis triggered by intra- and extracellular signals and is initiated by chemokine receptors such as FAS, by pathogen recognition receptors such as TLR3, TLR4, and ZBP1, and by TNFR1.
“Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis triggered by intra- and extracellular signals and is initiated by chemokine receptors such as FAS [292], by pathogen recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR4, and Z-DNA binding protein (ZBP)1 [293, 294], and by the TNF receptor (TNFR)1 [295].”
From Oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss in the cuprizone model: an updated overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cuprizone demyelination (2022) · cites this paper as [293]
The Results section states that TLR3 can induce necroptosis, and the Discussion identifies DAI/ZBP1 as a pattern-recognition receptor involved in virus-induced programmed necrosis. The citation is attached to the group of pathogen-recognition receptors, but our copy does not establish TLR4 as an initiator of necroptosis. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNecroptosis is a form of RCD initiated by perturbations of extracellular or intracellular microenvironment detected by specific death receptors including FAS and TNFR1, or PRRs including TLR3, TLR4, ZBP1.
“Necroptosis is a form of RCD initiated by perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment detected by specific death receptors, including (but not limited to) FAS and TNFR1 [423–427], or pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR3, TLR4, and Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1; also known as DAI) [428–430].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [429]
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- Authors
- Upton, J. W., Kaiser, W. J., & Mocarski, E. S.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mocarski, Edward S.
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 290-297
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3531981
- OpenAlex
- W2084414744
- Cited by
- 758
- References
- 44
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- FWCI
- 18.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- addendum (2019-10-09)
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- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 503 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation
- National Institutes of Health (1f32ai080175-01a1)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI030363, R01AI20211, R01AI020211, F32 AI080175, R56AI030363, R21AI030363, AI30363, F32 AI080175-01A1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Keywords
- necroptosis, RIPK3, DAI, ZBP1, murine cytomegalovirus, VirA, virus-induced cell death, host defense against viruses, protein complex formation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Glycoproteins, Herpesviridae Infections, Inflammation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Necrosis, Viral Proteins, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, RNA-Binding Proteins, Interferon-beta, Apoptosis, Muromegalovirus, Mice, Knockout, Viral Load, NIH 3T3 Cells, Multiprotein Complexes, Mice, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Host-Pathogen Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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