Heritability of the timing of food intake
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims While environmental factors are presumed to be primary drivers of food timing, preliminary evidence suggests that genetics may be an additional determinant. The aim was to explore the relative contribution of genetics and environmental factors to variation in the timing of food intake in a Spanish twin population. Because chronotype, bedtime and wake time are related to food timing, covariance with food timing was further assessed.Methods In this observational study, 53 pairs of adult (mean (SD) = 52 (6.03) years) female twins (28 monozygotic; 25 dizygotic) were recruited from the Murcia Twin Register. Zygosity was determined by DNA-testing. Timing of the three main meals of the day was assessed via 7-day dietary records, and the midpoint of food intake was computed by calculating the midpoint between breakfast and dinner times. Chronotype, bedtime and wake time were self-reported. Heritability of food timing and related traits were estimated by comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twin correlations and fitting genetic structural equation models to measured variables.Results We observed genetic influences for food timing, with highest heritability for the midpoint of food intake (64%) in an overweight/obese population (BMI = 26.01 ± 3.77). Genetic factors contributed to a higher degree to the timing of breakfast (56%) than the timing of lunch (38%) or dinner (n.s.). Similarly, heritability estimates were larger in related behavioral traits earlier on in the day (i.e. wake time, (55%)), than those later on in the day (i.e. bedtime, (38%)). Bivariate analyses revealed a significant genetic overlap between food timing and bedtime and chronotype (rG between 0.78 and 0.91).Conclusions Genetic influences appear to account for a significant proportion of the variability in food timing, particularly breakfast. Thus, interventions related to food timing may be more effective when targeting afternoon/evening traits, such as lunch or dinner times. Furthermore, our data suggest shared genetic architecture underlying food timing and phenotypically related traits.Clinical trial NCT03059576. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03059576.
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In twin studies, heritability for breakfast is highest: 24% by De Castro and 56% by Lopez-Minguez et al.
“Both studies demonstrated highest heritability for breakfast: 24% by De Castro (142) and 56% by Lopez-Minguez et al. (143).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [143]
Lopez-Minguez et al. did not detect any heritability for dinner, whereas De Castro detected 22% heritability for dinner timing.
“whereas the latter team did not detect any heritability for dinner, despite 22% heritability for dinner timing detected by De Castro (142).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [143]
Heritability for lunch ranges from 18% by De Castro to 38% by Lopez-Minguez et al.
“This was contrasted by lunch ranging from 18% by De Castro (142) to 38% by Lopez-Minguez et al. (143)”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [143]
The heritability of later meals matches the heritability of evening behavior and is lower than the corresponding heritability for early meals and behavior.
“These findings suggest that the heritability of the later meals matches the heritability of evening behavior and is lower than the corresponding heritability for early meals and behavior.”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [143]
Lopez-Minguez et al. showed a high heritability of 64% for caloric midpoint, with similar heritability for wake (55%) and bedtimes (38%).
“Furthermore, a high heritability of 64% was shown for the caloric midpoint by Lopez-Minguez et al. (143) with a similar heritability for other phenotypically related behavioral traits such as wake (55%) and bedtimes (38%).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [143]
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- Authors
- Lopez-Minguez, J., Dashti, H. S., Madrid-Valero, J. J., Madrid, J. A., Saxena, R., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Ordoñana, J. R., & Garaulet, M.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (ES)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ordoñana, Juan R.
- Garaulet, Marta
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 767-773
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6135708
- OpenAlex
- W2793672736
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (SAF2017-84135-R)
- FEDER
- NIDDK (R01DK105072, R01 DK099512, R01 DK102696)
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2010-21945-C02-01, IPT-2011-0833-900000)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III – RETICEF (RD12/0043/0011)
- Ministry of Education and Science
- Seneca Foundation (19479/PI/2014)
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain (PSI2014-56680-R)
- NHLBI (R01 HL094806, R01 HL118601)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- meal timing, heritability, genetic architecture, chronotype, bedtime, wake time, breakfast timing, monozygotic and dizygotic twins, genetic overlap, obesity, overweight
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diet, Eating, Environment, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
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