Cited by 1,494Sirtuins and Resveratrol in MedicineBiochemical and Molecular ResearchCalcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism

NAD + /NADH and NADP + /NADPH in Cellular Functions and Cell Death: Regulation and Biological Consequences

Ying, Weihai·2008·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Abstract

Accumulating evidence has suggested that NAD (including NAD+ and NADH) and NADP (including NADP+ and NADPH) could belong to the fundamental common mediators of various biological processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, calcium homeostasis, antioxidation/generation of oxidative stress, gene expression, immunological functions, aging, and cell death: First, it is established that NAD mediates energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions; second, NADPH is a key component in cellular antioxidation systems; and NADH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from mitochondria and NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation are two critical mechanisms of ROS generation; third, cyclic ADP-ribose and several other molecules that are generated from NAD and NADP could mediate calcium homeostasis; fourth, NAD and NADP modulate multiple key factors in cell death, such as mitochondrial permeability transition, energy state, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and apoptosis-inducing factor; and fifth, NAD and NADP profoundly affect aging-influencing factors such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial activities, and NAD-dependent sirtuins also mediate the aging process. Moreover, many recent studies have suggested novel paradigms of NAD and NADP metabolism. Future investigation into the metabolism and biological functions of NAD and NADP may expose fundamental properties of life, and suggest new strategies for treating diseases and slowing the aging process.

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Crossref · 10.1089/ars.2007.1672

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  • Alternatively, substrate flow through the TCA cycle differs depending on substrates, which might affect the activity of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme.

    “Alternatively, the substrate flow through the TCA cycle differs depending on the substrates, which might affect the activity of the other two mitochondrial NADPH-regenerating enzymes the NADP + -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase [119,120] and the malic enzyme [118,121].”
  • The NAD+/NADH ratio is important in bioenergetic reactions across subcellular compartments, and increased activity of one reaction can alter metabolic homeostasis via changes in this ratio.

    “The ratio of NAD+/NADH is important in various bioenergetic reactions in different subcellular compartments, and increased activity of one of these reactions can influence the metabolic homeostasis via changes in the NAD+/NADH ratio (Ying, 2008).”

    From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Ying, 2008

  • Conversion of NAD+ to NADP+/NADPH is important for antioxidation, oxidative stress generation, calcium homeostasis, and cell survival or death.

    “Additionally, the conversion of NAD+ to NADP+/NADPH is important in the involvement of different cellular functions, including antioxidation and generation of oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and cell survival or death (Ying, 2008).”

    From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Ying, 2008

  • Superoxide from mitochondrial electron transport and NADPH oxidase are the two major routes of cellular ROS production, and NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH play key roles in cellular antioxidant systems.

    “Superoxide produced during mitochondrial electron transport and via the activity of NADPH oxidase are the two major routes of cellular ROS production, and both NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH play key roles in cellular antioxidant systems (Ying, 2008).”

    From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Ying, 2008

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Authors
Ying, W.
Affiliations
San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Ying, Weihai
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Published
2008-02
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
179-206
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
OpenAlex
W1970554352
Cited by
1,494
References
339
Citations by year
2026: 80 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 56
FWCI
13.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
Keywords
NAD+, NADH, NADPH, cell death, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, anti-oxidation, cyclic ADP-ribose, mitochondrial permeability transition, PARP1, apoptosis-inducing factor, aging, sirtuins
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis, Humans, Mitochondria, NAD, NADP, Oxidation-Reduction, Cell Death

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