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Autophagy and the immune function in aging
Open accessAbstract
Just when you thought that you had heard it all about autophagy-the conserved cellular process that mediates turnover of cellular constituents in the lysosomes - studies keep coming out highlighting new types of autophagy, new functions for autophagy or even new autophagy-independent roles for the proteins associated with this process. The field of immunology has been riding the autophagic wave since the beginning of its revival; first due to its role in the host defense against pathogens, and more recently through the better understanding of the unique characteristics and functions of different autophagic pathways in immune cells. Here, we describe some of these new functions that are tightening the connection between autophagy and acquired or innate immunity and their malfunctioning with age.
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“The accumulation of oxidative damage could be due to a decline in lysosomal and autophagy function [104].”
From Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age (2015) · cites this paper as [104]
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“The second characteristic of aged cells is increased mitochondrial dysfunction and ensuing oxidative damage to proteins and DNA.”
From Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age (2015) · cites this paper as [104]
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“It is the least studied process among the three processes, yet microautophagy-like process has been shown to deliver cytosolic proteins to late endosomal compartments in DCs and might represent an important alternative route for antigen presentation (17, 18).”
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BackgroundThe melting pot of the MHC II peptidome
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BackgroundReduced mitophagy in the cochlea of aged C57BL/6J mice
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BackgroundInfluentialHumanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension
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“Therefore, the reduction in autophagy owing to aging can aggravate the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in elderly patients, since worsening age-related autophagy accelerates viral infections by reducing virus degradation and mitigating innate and adaptive immunity (10).”
BackgroundBlood autophagy defect causes accelerated non-hematopoietic organ aging
Fang, Y., Zhu, L., An, N. A., Jiang, G., Qian, J., Zhao, R., Yuan, N., Zhang, S., & Wang, J. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102086 · Cited by 17
Devarajan, A., & Vaseghi, M. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101810 · Cited by 18
“The critical role of autophagy in host immune response was demonstrated in autophagy deficient mouse models, which demonstrated impairment of T and B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and function with aging [49 – 51].”
McCormick, J. J., McManus, M. K., King, K. E., Goulet, N., & Kenny, G. P. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00163.2023 · Cited by 16
Cirone, M. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101026 · Cited by 15
Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration
Gómez, O., Perini-Villanueva, G., Yuste, A., Rodríguez‐Navarro, J. A., Poch, E., & Bejarano, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.790479 · Cited by 14
“For instance, agedependent failure has been associated with transcriptional changes of ATG proteins that are required for trapping of the cargo, biogenesis of the autophagosomes, and maturation of lysosomal proteases (Cuervo and Macian, 2014).”
BackgroundLi, S., Lin, Y., Chiang, C.-H., Wang, P., & Chen, C. (2022) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108944 · Cited by 13
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Elderly Patients with COVID-19: Potential of Melatonin Treatment
Yiang, G., Wu, C., Lu, C., Hu, W., Tsai, Y., Huang, Y., Su, W., & Lu, K. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15010156 · Cited by 13
“Compromised autophagy predisposes to viral infection because the accumulation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates can impair viral degradation and dysregulate innate and adaptive immunity [12].”
BackgroundZole, E., & Ranka, R. (2019) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2019.04.007 · Cited by 12
The Role of Autophagy in Aging
Markaki, M., Metaxakis, A., & Tavernarakis, N. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812146-7.00002-0 · Cited by 10
Soliman, A. M., Das, S., & Mahakkanukrauh, P. (2021) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867328666210901122359 · Cited by 5
Microglial Dysfunction in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration
Marschallinger, J., Mosher, K. I., & Wyss‐Coray, T. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_149-1 · Cited by 4
Autophagy in Inflammation: the p38α MAPK-ULK1 Axis
She, H., He, Y., Zhao, Y., & Mao, Z. (2018) · Macrophage · doi:10.14800/macrophage.1629 · Cited by 4
“Defective autophagy is commonly associated with pathological conditions such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases as well as aging [3, 4].”
BackgroundPotential of nanoparticles and nanopolymers in treatment of age-associated diseases
Saadatpour, F., Mohammadipanah, F., Zohourian, N., & Hodjat, M. (2021) · Advances in Natural Sciences Nanoscience and Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/2043-6262/ac42c7 · Cited by 3
Lower Beclin-1 mRNA Levels in Pediatric Compared With Adult Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion
Hoon, K. S., Gu, K. M., Shim, H. S., Su, K. S., Il, K. Y., & Geun, Y. S. (2018) · The Journal of International Advanced Otology · doi:10.5152/iao.2018.4481 · Cited by 4
Zhou, F., Sun, Q., Huang, S., Li, J., Chen, Y., & Feng, H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23031-5 · Cited by 3
“This demographic shift presents a unique challenge, as the elderly are more susceptible to TB due to their weakened immune systems and the presence of multiple comorbidities [3, 4].”
Mitophagy Decreases in the Peripheral Vestibular System of Aged C57BL/6J Mice
Cho, S. I., Jo, E.-R., & Lee, S. M. (2023) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.13426 · Cited by 4
“Autophagy maintains healthy cellular components by regulating the turnover of damaged cellular organelles (6).”
BackgroundWang, Y., Huang, T., Xie, L., & Liu, L. (2016) · BMC Systems Biology · doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0354-4 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, autophagy is an important mechanism of intracellular pathogen’s antigens, and dysfuncition of autophagy is also regulated by aging [29].”
BackgroundA Geroscience Approach to Preventing Pathologic Consequences of COVID-19
Dou, Y., Fatemi, S., Darvas, M., Gale, M., & Ladiges, W. (2020) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2020.29018.dou · Cited by 3
“For example, autophagy has important effects in the innate immune response in aging and age-related diseases by influencing cytokine secretion, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte function (Cuervo and Macian, 2014).”
BackgroundImmunosenescence and infectious diseases
Moutschen, M. P., Martens, H., & Geenen, V. G. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0079 · Cited by 2
Cuervo, A. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821618-7.00220-0 · Cited by 2
Self-citationTarget Autophagy as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Autoimmune Diseases
Wilhelm, M., & Muller, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30079-5_13 · Cited by 2
Age-Related Changes in Immune Regulation by Noncoding RNAs
Wang, W., Qian, F., & Montgomery, R. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_109 · Cited by 1
Sestryny jako modulatory procesów starzenia i chorób związanych z wiekiem*
Gabryel, B., & Duszkiewicz, R. (2021) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.9471 · Cited by 1
Microglial Dysfunction in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration
Marschallinger, J., Mosher, K. I., & Wyss‐Coray, T. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_149 · Cited by 1
“Diet and Exercise Will Help You Live Longer”: The Meme that Turns on Housekeeping Genes
Escobar, K. A., Visconti, L. M., Wallace, A., & VanDusseldorp, T. A. (2019) · Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.20900/agmr20200002 · Cited by 2
Protein Degradation and the Lysosomal System
Kaushik, S., & Cuervo, A. M. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119436812.ch11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCuervo, A. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394447-4.30054-2 · Cited by 1
Self-citationUltrastructural changes of lymphocytes in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine
Бонарцев, П. Д., Рахманова, В. И., & Uranova, N. A. (2016) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20161163149-54
The aging immune system and nutritional interventions
van Beek, A. A. (2017) · doi:10.18174/392235
Macián, F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_112-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuervo, A. M., & Macian, F.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 29
- Pages
- 97-104
- ISSN
- 0952-7915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4119564
- OpenAlex
- W2036701722
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Glenn Foundation for Medical Research
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001073)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021904, R37AG021904, P01AG031782)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI059738)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK041296)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- autophagy, aging, immune function, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, host defense against infection, autophagy-independent function, immune cell function, lysosomes
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Autophagy, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocytes, Antigen Presentation, Adaptive Immunity
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