In-class laptop use and its effects on student learning
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Students using laptops in class spent considerable time multitasking.
“Self-report data by Fried (2008) showed that students using laptops in class spent considerable time multitasking.”
From Efficient, helpful, or distracting? A literature review of media multitasking in relation to academic performance (2018) · cites this paper as Fried (2008)
All 14 studies found greater media use during class related to lower course grades (r range −.16 to −.28) or lower test scores (r range −.21 to −.48).
“All studies found that greater media use during class was related to lower course grades, r range = À.16 to À.28 (Clayson & Haley, 2013;Fried, 2008;Grace-Martin & Gay, 2001) or lower test scores, r range = À.21 to À.48 (Conard & Marsh, 2014;Ellis, Daniels, & Jauregui, 2010;End, Worthman, Mathews, & Wetterau, 2010;Hembrooke & Gay, 2003;Kraushaar & Novak, 2010;Kuznekoff & Titsworth, 2013;McDonald, 2”
From The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review (2015) · cites this paper as Fried, 2008
All three correlational studies on ability to focus found that greater media use during academic activities was related to a perceived lower ability to focus, with correlations from -.23 to -.38.
“Second, all three correlational studies on the ability to focus on an academic activity found that greater media use during academic activities was related to a perceived lower ability to focus, r range = À.23 to À.38 (Calderwood, Ackerman, & Conklin, 2014;Fried, 2008;Wei et al., 2012).”
From The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review (2015) · cites this paper as Fried, 2008
Two of three studies showed that media use during academic activities was related to lower perceived learning.
“Two of three studies showed that media use during academic activities was related to lower perceived learning,”
From The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review (2015) · cites this paper as Fried, 2008
Media use during academic activities was related to less perceived clarity and understanding of academic content (r = -.17 and -.19).
“and less perceived clarity and understanding of academic content (r = À.17 and À.19, Fried, 2008).”
From The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review (2015) · cites this paper as Fried, 2008
Cites
Egeth, H. E., & Kahneman, D. J. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421603 · Cited by 6,976 · see citing works
Engineering Psychology and Human Performance
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G., Banbury, S. P., & Parasuraman, R. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315665177 · Cited by 4,998 · see citing works
Cohen, D. (1998) · The Women s Review of Books · doi:10.2307/4022859 · Cited by 4,321 · see citing works
Allport, A. (1989) · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
Memory for goals: an activation-based model
Altmann, E. M., & Trafton, J. G. (2002) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(01)00058-1 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Memory for goals: an activation‐based model
Altmann, E. M., & Trafton, J. G. (2002) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2601_2 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Bailey, B. P., & Konstan, J. A. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.12.009 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Trafton, J. G., Altmann, E. M., Brock, D. P., & Mintz, F. E. (2003) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/s1071-5819(03)00023-5 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Cumulative development of attentional theory.
Posner, M. I. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.168 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Wireless Laptops as Means For Promoting Active Learning In Large Lecture Halls
Barak, M., Lipson, A., & Lerman, S. (2006) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2006.10782459 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior
Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. O. (2000) · Cited by 220 · see citing works
The Skill of Attention Control: Acquisition and Execution of Attention Strategies
Gopher, D. (1993) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1477.003.0021 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Attention aware systems: Theories, applications, and research agenda
Roda, C., & Thomas, J. J. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.12.005 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The Effects of Wireless Computing in Collaborative Learning Environments
Gay, G. K., Stefanone, M. A., Grace-Martin, M., et al. (2001) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1302_10 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Driver, M. (2002) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/s1096-7516(01)00076-8 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Cognitive, social, motivational and health aspects of students in laptop classrooms
Trimmel, M., & Bachmann, J. (2004) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2004.00076.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Changes in Student Attitudes and Student Computer Use in a Computer-Enriched Environment
Mitra, A., & Steffensmeier, T. (2000) · Journal of Research on Computing in Education · doi:10.1080/08886504.2000.10782289 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Student feedback in the college classroom: A technology solution
Fitch, J. L. (2004) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02504773 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The laptop alternative: Student reactions and strategic implications
Demb, A., Erickson, D. E., & Hawkins-Wilding, S. (2004) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2003.08.008 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Laptops in class: What are they good for? What can you do with them?
Weaver, B. E., & Nilson, L. B. (2005) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.181 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cognitive psychology : applying the science of the mind
Robinson-Riegler, G. L., & Robinson-Riegler, B. (2004) · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Status of Ubiquitous Computing
Brown, D. G., & Petitto, K. R. (2003) · Educational Review · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Laptop Computers and Multimedia and Presentation Software
Siegle, D., & Theresa, F. (2001) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2001.10782331 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Developing a Research Agenda for Ubiquitous Computing in Schools
Zucker, A. A. (2004) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/byr8-cgfc-wvhv-t0tl · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hall, M., & Elliott, K. M. (2003) · Journal of Education for Business · doi:10.1080/08832320309598617 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Digital Unity and Digital Divide
Finn, S., & Inman, J. G. (2004) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2004.10782417 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Evolution of a laptop university: a case study
McVay, G. J., Snyder, K. D., & Graetz, K. A. (2005) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00487.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A strategic plan for ubiquitous laptop computing
Brown, D. G., Burg, J. J., & Dominick, J. (1998) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/268092.268103 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Combining universal access with faculty development and academic facilities
Candiotti, A., & Clarke, N. (1998) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/268092.268106 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Using E-Mail, Web Sites & Newsgroups to Enhance Traditional Classroom Instruction
Partee, M. H. (1996) · T.H.E. Journal Technological Horizons in Education · Cited by 34 · see citing works
One College of Education’s Effort to Infuse Technology
Schrum, L., Skeele, R., & Grant, M. M. (2002) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2002.10782385 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Using Technology To Enhance the Classroom Environment.
Levine, L. E. (2002) · The journal · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Laptops in psychology: Conducting flexible in‐class research and writing laboratories
Stephens, B. R. (2005) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.182 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Dark Side of the Laptop University
Meierdiercks, K. (2005) · Journal of Information Ethics · doi:10.3172/jie.14.1.9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Teaching with laptops for the first time: Lessons from a social science classroom
Granberg, E. M., & Witte, J. C. (2005) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.186 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Teaching statistics by taking advantage of the laptop's ubiquity
Hyden, P. (2005) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.184 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schrum, L., Skeele, R., & Grant, M. (2001) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Borja, R. R. (2006) · Education week · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Laptops in computer science: Creating the “Learning Studio”
Pargas, R. P., & Weaver, K. A. (2005) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.185 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Compulsory Computer Purchase in a Traditional Medical School Curriculum
Platt, M. W., & Bairnsfathe, L. (1999) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15328015tlm110404 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Kobe Earthquake: Telecommunications Survives at Kobe University.
Garland, V. E., & Morimoto, M. (1996) · The journal · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking
Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614524581 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers
Sana, F., Weston, T., & Cepeda, N. J. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
The wear out effect of a game-based student response system
Wang, A. I. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.004 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Examining the impact of off-task multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning
Wood, E., Zivcakova, L., Gentile, P., Archer, K., De Pasquale, D., & Nosko, A. (2012) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.029 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Everyday Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture
Risko, E. F., Anderson, N., Sarwal, A., Engelhardt, M., & Kingstone, A. (2012) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1814 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Can students really multitask? An experimental study of instant messaging while reading
Bowman, L. L., Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., & Gendron, M. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.09.024 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review
van der Schuur, W. A., Baumgartner, S. E., Sumter, S. R., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.035 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Karpinski, A. C., Kirschner, P. A., Ozer, I., Mellott, J. A., & Ochwo, P. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.011 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
May, K. E., & Elder, A. D. (2018) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-018-0096-z · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Point-and-Shoot Memories: The Influence of Taking Photos on Memory for a Museum Tour
Henkel, L. A. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613504438 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Ravizza, S. M., Hambrick, D. Z., & Fenn, K. M. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.007 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Larry D., R., Alex F., L., L. Mark, C., & Nancy A., C. (2011) · Revista de Psicología Educativa · doi:10.5093/ed2011v17n2a4 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Working memory, fluid intelligence, and impulsiveness in heavy media multitaskers
Minear, M., Brasher, F., McCurdy, M., Lewis, J., & Younggren, A. (2013) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0456-6 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Growing up multitasking: The costs and benefits for cognitive development
Courage, M. L., Bakhtiar, A., Fitzpatrick, C., Kenny, S., & Brandeau, K. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.002 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Make it our time: In class multitaskers have lower academic performance
Bellur, S., Nowak, K. L., & Hull, K. S. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.027 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Making sense of multitasking: The role of Facebook
Judd, T. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.013 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Gaudreau, P., Miranda, D., & Gareau, A. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.019 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Ose Askvik, E., van der Weel, F. R. (., & van der Meer, A. L. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01810 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Media Multitasking: A Bibliometric Approach and Literature Review
Beuckels, E., Ye, G., Hudders, L., & Cauberghe, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623643 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effects of multitasking on retention and topic interest
Dindar, M., & Akbulut, Y. (2016) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2015.10.005 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Conard, M. A., & Marsh, R. F. (2014) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.11.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bjerre-Nielsen, A., Andersen, A., Minor, K., & Lassen, D. D. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620956613 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hall, A. C. G., Lineweaver, T. T., Hogan, E. E., & O'Brien, S. W. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103901 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Downs, E., Tran, A., McMenemy, R., & Abegaze, N. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.08.008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tablets for teaching and learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tamim, R., Borokhovski, E., Pickup, D., Bernard, R. M., & Saadi, L. E. (2015) · Commonwealth of Learning · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3670.5042 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Spence, A., Beasley, K., Gravenkemper, H., Hoefler, A., Ngo, A., Ortiz, D., & Campisi, J. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113172 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Forecasting errors in student media multitasking during homework completion
Calderwood, C., Green, J. D., Joy-Gaba, J. A., & Moloney, J. M. (2016) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.10.021 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Theory of Media Multitasking Intensity
Zamanzadeh, N. N., & Rice, R. E. (2021) · Journal of Media Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000316 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fried, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Winona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fried, Carrie B.
- Venue
- Computers & Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 906-914
- ISSN
- 0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164485579
- Cited by
- 678
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 33.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers & Education (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Winona State University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Educational Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile Learning in Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Keywords
- student learning, classroom distraction, multitasking, lecture course, course performance, classroom climate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review