Canadian university students in wireless classrooms: What do they do on their laptops and does it really matter?
Open accessAbstract
Two studies were conducted to examine what undergraduate students do on their laptops during class time and the extent to which laptop usage behaviors are associated with academic success. In Study 1, a sample of 1129 students from a Canadian university completed a survey measuring prototypical behaviors emitted on laptops during class time. Results of factor analyses indicated that laptop behaviors can be regrouped in two dimensions: School related and school unrelated laptop utilization. School unrelated laptop behaviors were significantly associated with lower levels of self-reported academic achievement and satisfaction. School related laptop behaviors were positively associated with academic satisfaction. These results were invariant across different faculties on campus. In Study 2, another sample of 88 students was recruited to examine the longitudinal association between laptop behaviors and semester grade point average obtained at the end of the semester. Results of Study 2 showed that school unrelated laptop behaviors were prospectively associated with lower semester grade point average, even after controlling for a series of potentially confounding influences (i.e., self-regulation failure, motivational deficit, disorganized learning, internet addiction, and school disenchantment). Overall, these results provide theoretically important support to suggest that in-class laptop utilization is a unique and contemporary mode of learning that should not be treated as an epiphenomenon merely accountable and reducible to other sources of psychological influences.
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Engagement in multitasking is negatively related with academic achievement.
“Consistent with previous studies, engagement in multitasking is negatively related with academic achievement (Gaudreau, Miranda, & Gareau, 2014;Junco & Cotten, 2012;Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010).”
From The indirect relationship of media multitasking self-efficacy on learning performance within the personal learning environment: Implications from the mechanism of perceived attention problems and self-regulation strategies (2017) · cites this paper as Gaudreau, Miranda, & Gareau, 2014
The Results (section 9; page unavailable) report that school-unrelated laptop behavior was associated with lower semester GPA and poorer performance relative to classmates. The paper describes such in-class off-task activity as multitasking (section 2), but the finding does not establish that multitasking in general is negatively related to achievement. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMedia use during academic activities was related to less academic satisfaction.
“less academic satisfaction (Gaudreau et al., 2014),”
From The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review (2015) · cites this paper as Gaudreau et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Gaudreau, P., Miranda, D., & Gareau, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gaudreau, Patrick
- Venue
- Computers & Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 245-255
- ISSN
- 0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978446355
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 18.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Computers & Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Educational Methods
- Keywords
- university students, academic performance, grade point average, academic satisfaction, self-regulation, student motivation, internet addiction
About these checks
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