CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 64Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesMental Health Research TopicsPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

The association of trait impulsivity and suicidal ideation and its fluctuation in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide

Open access
Hadzic, Asim, Spangenberg, Lena, Hallensleben, Nina, Forkmann, Thomas, Rath, Dajana, Strauß, Maria, Kersting, Anette, Glaesmer, Heide·2020·Comprehensive Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152158
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although the relationship of trait impulsivity and suicidal behavior is well established, its relationship with suicidal ideation and its fluctuation still remains unclear. Our aim is to examine (1) the relationship of trait impulsivity and suicidal ideation and behavior in the context of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) and (2) the association of trait impulsivity with the fluctuation of suicidal ideation in an inpatient sample with unipolar depression. METHOD: Eighty-four inpatients with unipolar depression and current and/or lifetime suicidal ideation were assessed with a baseline assessment including trait impulsivity, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior and the constructs of the IPTS. Seventy-four of these patients underwent a 6-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with 10 assessments per day across six days assessing passive and active suicidal ideation. Mean squared successive differences (MSSD) across EMA assessments of suicidal ideation were calculated to test fluctuation as an indicator of temporal variability. Correlation analyses were conducted to test the associations. RESULTS: There were no associations of trait impulsivity with suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, except the rather low but significant association between thwarted belongingness and the attention subdomain of trait impulsivity (r = 0.23*, p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, trait impulsivity showed a significant positive correlation with capability for suicide but not with the two subdomains of capability for suicide. The only significant but rather low correlation was identified between the motor aspect of trait impulsivity and fearlessness about death (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.01). Suicidal behavior showed a positive correlation with trait impulsivity, but not with the different subdomains of trait impulsivity. Trait impulsivity showed a significant correlation with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05), but not with active suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the motor aspect of trait impulsivity (BIS motor) showed a significant correlation (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.01) with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation, but not with active suicidal ideation or the MSSD total score. CONCLUSION: Overall the findings are in line with our assumptions and the IPTS and underline that trait impulsivity is related to suicidal behavior and the fluctuation of suicidal ideation, but not to suicidal ideation itself. Thus, trait impulsivity seems to act as a distal risk factor via capability for suicide and it seems to play a role for the dynamics of suicidal ideation. The results have to be investigated in larger samples, with a higher risk of suicide and in prospective studies. Moreover, the role of the fluctuation of suicidal ideation for the prediction of suicide risk should be investigated in future studies.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

In 84 inpatients with unipolar depression and current/lifetime suicidal ideation, trait impulsivity was not directly associated with suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, or perceived burdensomeness, but it was associated with capability for suicide, suicidal behavior, and fluctuation of passive suicidal ideation. The authors interpret trait impulsivity as a distal risk factor for suicidal behavior via capability for suicide and as partially relevant to suicidal ideation dynamics.

Key findings

  • Trait impulsivity (BIS total) showed no significant correlations with suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, or perceived burdensomeness, except a low significant association between thwarted belongingness and the attention subdomain of trait impulsivity (r = 0.23, p ≤ 0.05).
  • Trait impulsivity (BIS total) was significantly positively correlated with capability for suicide (GCSQ total), but not with its two subdomains; the motor aspect of trait impulsivity correlated with fearlessness about death (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.01). Suicidal behavior (SBQ-R total) correlated positively with trait impulsivity (BIS total), but not with the BIS subdomains.
  • Trait impulsivity (BIS total) correlated with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05), but not with active suicidal ideation. The motor aspect of trait impulsivity (BIS motor) correlated with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.01), but not with active suicidal ideation or the MSSD total score.
  • Suicidal ideation (BSS) showed a moderate correlation with perceived burdensomeness but no correlation with thwarted belongingness, consistent with other IPTS studies cited by the authors.

Methods

  • Between September 2015 and August 2017, 84 psychiatric inpatients with a primary diagnosis of unipolar depressive disorder and current or lifetime suicidal ideation were included; 74 participated in the 6-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and were analyzed. The baseline sample was 69.0% female, mean age 37.62 years (SD = 14.0); the EMA sample was 71.6% female, mean age 37.61 years (SD = 14.33).
  • Baseline assessment included self-report instruments and a clinical interview (SCID-I): Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), and German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ). EMA used 10 random assessments per day across six days, with four items on a 5-point scale covering passive and active suicidal ideation; compliance was 89.7%.
  • Mean squared successive differences (MSSD) were calculated across EMA assessments to quantify fluctuation of suicidal ideation; correlation analyses tested associations between trait impulsivity and its subscales with IPTS constructs, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, and MSSD scores.

Limitations

  • The paper states that results are mainly based on cross-sectional data; a longitudinal or prospective approach would better clarify the transition from ideation to behavior and place impulsivity in temporal perspective.
  • The paper states that self-report assessments risk misreporting and recall bias; the sample size and proportion of suicide attempters were small, limiting power to detect effects, especially for suicidal behavior; SBQ-R is a broad retrospective/prospective self-report measure and not the most optimal way to assess suicidal behavior.
  • The paper states that internal consistencies of the BIS were rather low in this sample, especially for the non-planning subscale (α = 0.44). Evident from the text: the EMA covered only six days and 74 of 84 initially included patients, and the correlational design cannot establish causality or temporal ordering.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152158

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 26 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    The attention and non-planning aspects of trait impulsivity showed no significant correlations with any of the MSSDs (passive, active, total).

    “There were no significant correlations between the attention or non-planning aspect of trait impulsivity (BIS attention and non-planning) with any of the given MSSDs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The BIS subscales are valid measures of distinct aspects of trait impulsivity despite low internal consistency.
    • Rests on an assumption: The four EMA items validly measure passive and active suicidal ideation.
  • Findingown data

    Trait impulsivity (BIS total) showed a significant positive correlation with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05).

    “Trait impulsivity showed a significant correlation with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05), but not with active suicidal ideation.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.3. The association between trait impulsivity and the fluctuation of suicidal ideation · plain
      “The total score of trait impulsivity (BIS total score) showed a significant correlation with the MSSD of passive suicidal ideation (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05), but not with active suicidal ideation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The four EMA items validly measure passive and active suicidal ideation.
  • Findingown data

    Suicidal behavior (SBQ-R total) showed a positive correlation with trait impulsivity (BIS total).

    “Suicidal behavior showed a positive correlation with trait impulsivity, but not with the different subdomains of trait impulsivity.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.2. Trait impulsivity, capability for suicide, and suicidal behavior · plain
      “The SBQ-R total score representing suicidal behavior shows a positive correlation with trait impulsivity (BIS total), but not with the different subdomains of trait impulsivity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The SBQ-R total score is a valid proxy measure of past and future suicidal behavior.
  • Findingown data

    There was a significant correlation between trait impulsivity and capability for suicide.

    “a significant correlation between trait impulsivity and capability for suicide was revealed.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Trait impulsivity (BIS total) showed no significant correlation with the MSSD of active suicidal ideation.

    “but not with active suicidal ideation.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.3. The association between trait impulsivity and the fluctuation of suicidal ideation · plain
      “but not with active suicidal ideation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The four EMA items validly measure passive and active suicidal ideation.
  • May combine two claims. 16
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 28

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Trait impulsivity (BIS total) showed no significant association with suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, or perceived burdensomeness in the sample.

    “There were no associations of trait impulsivity with suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, except the rather low but significant association between thwarted belongingness and the attention subdomain of trait impulsivity (r = 0.23*, p ≤”
    • Also stated in: § 3.1. The association of trait impulsivity, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation · plain
      “There were no significant correlations of trait impulsivity (BIS total), suicidal ideation, and thwarted belongingness as well as perceived burdensomeness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The IPTS proposes that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness cause suicidal ideation.

    “The feeling of self-alienation (thwarted belongingness) and the belief of being a burden to others (perceived burdensomeness) cause suicidal ideation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The role of trait impulsivity as a risk factor for suicidal behavior was established by several studies.

    “In the last years the role of trait impulsivity as a risk factor for suicidal behavior was established by several studies [19,20].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [19]

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [20] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    According to the interpersonal theory of suicide, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness lead to suicidal ideation.

    “According to the IPTS, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness lead to suicidal ideation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    According to Anestis et al., individuals with a high level of trait impulsivity engage in suicidal behavior more often, but this is attributable to increased levels of capability for suicide in these individuals.

    “According to Anestis et al., individuals with a high level of trait impulsivity do engage in suicidal behavior more often, but this is attributable to increased levels of capability for suicide in these individuals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The compliance of the EMA for suicidal ideation was 89.7% and was considered excellent.

    “The compliance of the EMA for suicidal ideation (89.7%) was excellent.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Overall, the findings are in line with the authors' assumptions and the IPTS and indicate that trait impulsivity is related to suicidal behavior and the fluctuation of suicidal ideation, but not to suicidal ideation itself.

    “Overall the findings are in line with our assumptions and the IPTS and underline that trait impulsivity is related to suicidal behavior and the fluctuation of suicidal ideation, but not to suicidal ideation itself.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The SBQ-R total score is a valid proxy measure of past and future suicidal behavior.
    • Rests on an assumption: The BIS subscales are valid measures of distinct aspects of trait impulsivity despite low internal consistency.
    • Rests on an assumption: The four EMA items validly measure passive and active suicidal ideation.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The INQ had good to excellent internal consistencies in the present sample (α PB = 0.91, α TB = 0.84).

    “We found good to excellent internal consistencies in the present sample (α PB = 0.91, α TB = 0.84).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    According to the IPTS, capability for suicide is acquired through negative and painful experiences which are more likely to be experienced by individuals with higher trait impulsivity.

    “According to the IPTS, capability for suicide is acquired through negative and painful experiences which are more likely to be experienced by individuals with higher trait impulsivity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The BSS total score had satisfactory internal reliability (α = 0.85) in the present sample.

    “which had a satisfactory internal reliability (α = 0.85 for the total BSS score) in our sample.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Trait impulsivity seems to lead to capability for suicide, which is acquired over time.

    “Trait impulsivity seems to lead to capability for suicide, which is acquired over time.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Trait impulsivity is characterized by acting on stimuli without control or forethought and a lack of perseverance and is associated with affective instability.

    “As mentioned before, trait impulsivity is characterized by acting on stimuli without control or forethought and a lack of perseverance and is associated with affective instability [33,34].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [33] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [34] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    According to the IPTS, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness each are sufficient predictors for developing passive suicidal ideation, while active suicidal ideation emerges from the simultaneous presence of both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness accompanied by hopelessness that the state will not change.

    “Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness each are sufficient predictors for developing passive suicidal ideation while active suicidal ideation emerges from the simultaneous presence of both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness accompanied by hopelessness that the state of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness will not change.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The GCSQ had good internal consistency for pain tolerance (α = 0.77) and excellent for fearlessness (α = 0.89) in the present sample.

    “The present sample showed a good internal consistency for pain tolerance (α = 0.77) and an excellent one for fearlessness (α = 0.89).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Trait impulsivity is associated with a variety of mental disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality.

    “Trait impulsivity is associated with a variety of mental disorders, e.g.borderline personality disorder [14,15], and also with non-suicidal selfinjury [14,16] and suicidality [17,18].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [14] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [15] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [16] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [17] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [18] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    The number of studies investigating the association of trait impulsivity and suicidal ideation is limited and findings are inconclusive.

    “The number of studies investigating the association of trait impulsivity and suicidal ideation is limited and findings are inconclusive.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The German version of the SBQ-R had an internal consistency of α = 0.72 in the present sample.

    “The internal consistency of the German version [45] of the SBQ-R is α =0.72 in our sample.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Trait impulsivity has to be conceptualized as a rather distal risk factor for suicidal behaviour, exerting its influence mainly through its impact on capability for suicide.

    “Given that capability for suicide is mainly supposed to be acquired over time, trait impulsivity has to be conceptualized as a rather distal risk factor for suicidal behaviour enfolding its influence mainly over its impact on capability for suicide [19].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The BIS total score had an internal consistency of α = 0.67 in the present sample.

    “The internal consistency for the total score was α = 0.67 in the present sample and questionable to inacceptable values for the sub scales (α Motor = 0.63, α Attention = 0.59, α Non planning = 0.44).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    According to the IPTS, suicidal ideation will not transform into suicidal behavior until the capability for suicide is high enough.

    “As proposed by the IPTS, suicidal ideation will not transform into suicidal behavior until the capability for suicide is high enough [ [8]].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [8] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisereasoning

    The association of trait impulsivity with suicidal ideation remains unclear to date.

    “its association with suicidal ideation remains unclear to date.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The tendency to react fast on affective impulses may only influence the development of passive suicidal thoughts but may not be relevant for the development of active suicidal thoughts including intent or specific planning.

    “The tendency to react fast on affective impulses may only influence the development of passive suicidal thoughts but may not be relevant for the development of active suicidal thoughts including intent or specific planning.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Trait impulsivity is conceptualized as affective instability and proneness to react on current impulses.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The SBQ-R is not the most optimal way to assess suicidal behavior, as its items ask for different aspects of suicidality retrospectively and prospectively, which is a broad approach to quantify suicide risk.

    “Finally, the SBQ-R as a scale for the assessment of suicidal behavior is not the most optimal way to assess suicidal behavior, as its items ask for different aspects of suicidality retrospectively and prospectively, which is rather a broad approach to quantify suicide risk.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The BIS is the commonly used measure for trait impulsivity since decades.

    “Nonetheless the BIS is the commonly used measure for trait impulsivity since decades [59]”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [59] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Motor impulsivity is mostly seen as a behavioral concept linked to actions and underlies a complex interplay of neurotransmitters of action and motivation.

    “Furthermore, motor impulsivity is mostly seen as a behavioral concept which is linked to actions and underlies a complex interplay of neuro-transmitters of action and motivation [53,54].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [53] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [54] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The SBQ-R is a unidimensional measure.

    “Although it is a unidimensional measure [45]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [45] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The findings align with the theory that trait impulsivity is associated with suicidal behavior and capability for suicide.

    “Furthermore, our findings align with the theory that trait impulsivity is associated suicidal behavior and capability for suicide.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisereasoning

    Suicidal ideation is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior.

    “and suicidal ideation is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Self-report assessments have an increased risk for misreporting and may have been influenced by recall bias.

    “Second, selfreport assessments do have an increased risk for misreporting and may have been influenced by recall bias.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisenone given

    According to the interpersonal theory of suicide, perceived burdensomeness and capability for suicide are necessary for the development of suicidal behavior.

    “This is in accordance with the IPTS, as perceived burdensomeness and capability for suicide are necessary for the development of suicidal behavior”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The results reflect the current evidence on the interpersonal theory of suicide.

    “Therefore, our results reflect the current evidence on the IPTS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The rather poor reliability of the BIS is a repeatedly discussed issue.

    “The rather poor reliability of the BIS is a repeatedly discussed issue [55][56][57][58].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [55][56][57][58]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The results on the association of the IPTS variables, suicidal ideation and behavior and trait impulsivity are mainly based on cross-sectional data in this study.

    “First, the results on the association of the IPTS variables, suicidal ideation and behavior and trait impulsivity are mainly based on crosssectional data in this study.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The sample size in general and the proportion of suicide attempters is small, which limits the power to detect effects, especially for suicidal behavior.

    “Third, even though our clinical sample is rather homogenous and well-characterized, our sample size in general and the proportion of suicide attempters is small, which limits the power to detect effects, especially for suicidal behavior.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
34 of 34

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The potential link between trait impulsivity and the variability in suicidal ideation has not been examined before.

    “To our knowledge, this potential link has not been examined before and will be investigated in this study.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are dynamic constructs that change over short periods and play a role in the fluctuation of suicidal ideation.

    “Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness are dynamic constructs, i.e. they are expected to dynamically change over rather short periods of time and they are assumed to play a role for the fluctuation of suicidal ideation.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The SBQ-R total score is a valid proxy measure of past and future suicidal behavior.

    “The SBQ-R total score representing suicidal behavior shows a positive correlation with trait impulsivity (BIS total)”
    “we hypothesized that trait impulsivity is associated with a proxy measure of past and future suicidal behavior (SBQ-R)”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The BIS subscales are valid measures of distinct aspects of trait impulsivity despite low internal consistency.

    “The internal consistency for the total score was α = 0.67 in the present sample and questionable to inacceptable values for the sub scales (α Motor = 0.63, α Attention = 0.59, α Non planning = 0.44).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The four EMA items validly measure passive and active suicidal ideation.

    “the 74 participants answered 10 random assessments per day asking about their momentary suicidal ideation using four items on a 5-point scale from”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The role of trait impulsivity in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide had not been investigated before this study.

    “Because the role of trait impulsivity has not been investigated in this context yet, we tested whether trait impulsivity and thwarted belongingness as well as perceived burdensomeness are associated in an exploratory approach.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Trait impulsivity is conceptualized as affective instability and proneness to react on current impulses.

    “We hypothesized that trait impulsivity should be positively associated with a higher variability in suicidal ideation because trait impulsivity is conceptualized as affective instability and proneness to react on current impulses.”
7 of 7

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Variability in momentary suicidal ideation correlated moderately with the SBQ-R (r = 0.41), the BSSI (r = 0.49), and the GCSQ (r = 0.30).

    “Variability in momentary SI correlated moderately with the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised [SBQ-R (96)] (r = 0.41), the BSSI (r = 0.49), and the Capability for Suicide Questionnaire [GCSQ (97)] (r = 0.30) (63).”

    From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [63]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Active-ideation MSSD differs between columns despite only 74 patients having EMA data

    Minor

    The table gives different baseline- and EMA-column means and SDs for active-ideation MSSD. Only the 74 EMA participants underwent the assessments needed to calculate that measure, so the two columns cannot represent different baseline and EMA samples for it.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Statistisches Bundesamt (DeStatis), 2017, Gesundheit, Todesursachen in Deutschland, 2017

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hadzic, A., Spangenberg, L., Hallensleben, N., Forkmann, T., Rath, D., Strauß, M., Kersting, A., & Glaesmer, H.
Affiliations
  • Leipzig University (DE)
  • University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
Corresponding author
Hadzic, Asim
ORCID
Venue
Comprehensive Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-04
Volume
98
Pages
152158
ISSN
0010-440X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152158
OpenAlex
W2998588475
Semantic Scholar
336f7130688b319b9daf3c3b9caad6a8fb7d2cf9
Cited by
64
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4
FWCI
7.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Universität Leipzig
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords
trait impulsivity, suicidal ideation, interpersonal theory of suicide, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, fearlessness about death, major depressive disorder, suicidal behavior, ecological momentary assessment, motor impulsivity, passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, inpatient depression

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review