Impulsivity and suicidality in adolescent inpatients
Open accessAbstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, and impulsivity has emerged as a promising marker of risk. The present study tested whether distinct domains of impulsivity are differentially associated with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts. Adolescents (n = 381; boys = 106, girls = 275) aged 13-19 years (M = 15.62, SD = 1.41) were recruited from an acute, residential treatment program. Within 48 h of admission to the hospital, participants were administered structured clinical interviews assessing mental health disorders and suicidality. Following these interviews, participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing symptom severity and impulsivity. Consistent with past research, an exploratory factor analysis of our 90-item impulsivity instrument resulted in a three-factor solution: Pervasive Influence of Feelings, Feelings Trigger Action, and Lack of Follow-Through. Concurrent analysis of these factors confirmed hypotheses of unique associations with suicide ideation and attempts in the past month. Specifically, whereas Pervasive Influence of Feelings (i.e., tendency for emotions to shape thoughts about the self and the future) is uniquely associated with greater suicidal ideation, Feelings Trigger Action (i.e., impulsive behavioral reactivity to emotions) is uniquely associated with the occurrence of suicide attempts, even after controlling for current psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms. Exploratory gender analyses revealed that these effects were significant in female but not male adolescents. These findings provide new insight about how specific domains of impulsivity differentially increase risk for suicide ideation and attempts. Implications for early identification and prevention of youth suicide are discussed.
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Impulsive decision-making and experiencing social rejection are known correlates of suicidal behaviors.
“Impulsive decision-making and experiencing social rejection are known correlates of suicidal behaviors (21, 76).”
From Neural correlates associated with suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
Trait impulsivity is associated with a variety of mental disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality.
“Trait impulsivity is associated with a variety of mental disorders, e.g.borderline personality disorder [14,15], and also with non-suicidal selfinjury [14,16] and suicidality [17,18].”
From The association of trait impulsivity and suicidal ideation and its fluctuation in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Auerbach, R. P., Stewart, J. G., & Johnson, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Auerbach, Randy P.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2016-03-30
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-103
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC5045310
- OpenAlex
- W2318692454
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 13.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH097786)
- Tommy Fuss Fund
- Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation (Adolescent Depression Fellowship)
- Simches Fund
- Skip Pope Award for Young Investigators (McLean Hospital)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- impulsivity, suicidality, adolescents, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide planning, residential treatment, gender differences, suicide risk factors, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Inpatients, Male, Suicide, Attempted, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
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