Culture and emotion regulation

Ford, Brett Q; Mauss, Iris B

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.004

Cited by 340Cultural Differences and ValuesEmotions and Moral BehaviorPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Culture and emotion regulation

Open access

Ford, Brett Q, Mauss, Iris B·2015·Current Opinion in Psychology

DOI 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.004PMC PMC4341898

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

While anthropological research has long emphasized cultural differences in whether emotions are viewed as beneficial versus harmful, psychological science has only recently begun to systematically examine those differences and their implications for emotion regulation and well-being. Underscoring the pervasive role of culture in people's emotions, we summarize research that has examined links between culture, emotion regulation, and well-being. Specifically, we focus on two questions. First, how does culture lead individuals to regulate their emotions? And second, how does culture modulate the link between emotion regulation and well-being? We finish by suggesting directions for future research to advance the study of culture and emotion regulation.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.004

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In Chinese culture, the suppression of emotions may be regarded as an adaptive behavior that reduces conflict and promotes social harmony.
“In Chinese culture, the suppression of emotions may be regarded as an adaptive behavior that reduces conflict and promotes social harmony [27, 47, 48].”
From Psychometric properties of the chinese version of multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire-30 (2024) · cites this paper as [47]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995 · cited 1× · see citing works
“com which a culture promotes interdependence (where individuals define themselves more based on relationships and prioritize harmony with others) versus independence (where individuals define themselves more based on unique attributes and prioritize distinguishing themselves from others) [7].”
Background
Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Suppression has been associated with worse psychological health [12,21,22], physical health [23], and social functioning [16,24].”
Background
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Suppression has been associated with worse psychological health [12,21,22], physical health [23], and social functioning [16,24].”
Background
Handbook of emotion regulation
Gross, J. (2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.52-1127 · Cited by 3,280 · see citing works
The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions.
Ekman, P., & Davidson, R. J. (1994) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 2,839 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1952) · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.
Opler, M. K., Kroeber, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1953) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2103346 · Cited by 1,682 · see citing works
Values and Behavior: Strength and Structure of Relations
Bardi, A., & Schwartz, S. H. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203254602 · Cited by 1,669 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, hierarchy [14 ], tradition [44]) and forms of culture [45] (e.”
Background
Large-Scale Psychological Differences Within China Explained by Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture
Talhelm, T., Zhang, X., Oishi, S., Shimin, C., Duan, D., Lan, X., & Kitayama, S. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246850 · Cited by 1,374 · cited 1× · see citing works
“How does culture transmit values that shape emotion regulation and its outcomes? What are these values? Similarly, what are the origins of these cultural differences? One recent study suggests, for example, that China’s regional differences in agriculture (the requirements of rice versus wheat farming, specifically) h…”
The Anthropology of Emotions
Lutz, C. A., & White, G. M. (1986) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.an.15.100186.002201 · Cited by 1,357 · cited 1× · see citing works
“differences in how emotions are viewed, often focusing on the fundamental distinction of seeing emotions as beneficial versus harmful [1–3].”
Background
Culture and social support.
Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., & Taylor, S. E. (2008) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x · Cited by 1,252 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, social support [41], attentional focus [42], automatic emotion regulation [43]).”
Background
Cultural variation in affect valuation.
Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B. D., & Fung, H. H.-L. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.2.288 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations.
Gross, J. J. (2014) · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies
Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.003 · Cited by 994 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Suppression has been associated with worse psychological health [12,21,22], physical health [23], and social functioning [16,24].”
Background
Emotion regulation and culture: are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific?
Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.30 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment.
Matsumoto, D., Rules, M. S. O. C. D., Yoo, S. H., & Nakagawa, S. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.925 · Cited by 968 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Unlike suppression, the frequency of using reappraisal largely does not differ across cultures [12,14 ,15,16 ,17 ,26].”
Background
Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence.
(1994) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10152-000 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An "experimental ethnography."
Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B. F., & Schwarz, N. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.945 · Cited by 840 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, socioeconomic status [46], region [47]).”
Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life.
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006) · Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health. · doi:10.1037/11468-001 · Cited by 829 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Supporting this basic idea, Asian Americans reported using emotion regulation more frequently [10] and reported a stronger preference for emotion regulation (e.”
Background
Placing the face in context: Cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion.
Masuda, T., Ellsworth, P. C., Mesquita, B., Janxin Leu, A., Tanida, S., & de Veerdonk, E. V. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.365 · Cited by 704 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, social support [41], attentional focus [42], automatic emotion regulation [43]).”
Background
Cultural similarities and differences in display rules
Matsumoto, D. (1990) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf00995569 · Cited by 652 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Theoretically, because emotions are powerful internal experiences that can both assert someone’s individuality and potentially disrupt social harmony [8] (e.”
Background
You Can't Always Get What You Want: Educational Attainment, Agency, and Choice.
Snibbe, A. C., & Markus, H. R. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.703 · Cited by 614 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, socioeconomic status [46], region [47]).”
Many forms of culture.
Cohen, A. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015308 · Cited by 589 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, hierarchy [14 ], tradition [44]) and forms of culture [45] (e.”
Background
Is expressive suppression always associated with poorer psychological functioning? A cross-cultural comparison between European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese.
Soto, J. A., Perez, C. R., Kim, Y.-H., Lee, E. A., & Minnick, M. R. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0023340 · Cited by 519 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In even stronger support of the notion that suppression is less harmful in interdependent cultural contexts, research has shown that suppression is linked to worse functioning for individuals from independent cultural backgrounds but is unrelated to psychological and social functioning for individuals from interdepend…”
Background
The social costs of emotional suppression: a prospective study of the transition to college
Srivastava, S., Tamir, M., McGonigal, K. M., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014755 · Cited by 504 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Suppression has been associated with worse psychological health [12,21,22], physical health [23], and social functioning [16,24].”
Background
Understanding the social effects of emotion regulation: the mediating role of authenticity for individual differences in suppression.
English, T., & John, O. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0029847 · Cited by 326 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Suppression has been associated with worse psychological health [12,21,22], physical health [23], and social functioning [16,24].”
Background
Suppression and interpersonal harmony: A cross-cultural comparison between Chinese and European Americans.
Wei, M., Su, J. C., Carrera, S. G., Lin, S.-P., & Yi, F. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033413 · Cited by 284 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Current Opinion in Psychology 2015, 3:1–5 individuals (but not European Americans) associate suppression with interpersonal harmony [19].”
Background
Emotion, language, and cultural scripts.
Wierzbicka, A. (2004) · Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence. · doi:10.1037/10152-004 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Dampening or savoring positive emotions: A dialectical cultural script guides emotion regulation.
Miyamoto, Y., & Ma, X. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0025135 · Cited by 274 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, independent (versus interdependent) cultures more strongly value positive emotions (especially high-arousal positive emotions like excitement [34]) [35–37] and more highly devalue negative emotions [37,38,39 ].”
Background
Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An "experimental ethnography."
Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B. F., & Schwarz, N. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.5.945 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation and Well-Being
Nyklíček, I., Zeelenberg, M., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6953-8 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Culture shapes electrocortical responses during emotion suppression
Murata, A., Moser, J. S., & Kitayama, S. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss036 · Cited by 224 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, when instructed to suppress their emotions in response to negative images, European Americans exhibited a pronounced parietal late positive potential event-related potential signal — an index of heightened emotional processing — but an Asian sample exhibited a significant reduction in this signal and the…”
Background
Untitled work
(2007) · Lirias · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Cultural and gender differences in emotion regulation: Relation to depression
Kwon, H., Yoon, K. L., Joormann, J., & Kwon, J.-H. (2013) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.792244 · Cited by 202 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Several studies have shown that while suppression is linked with worse well-being for individuals from independent cultural backgrounds, this negative effect is significantly weaker for individuals from interdependent cultural backgrounds [9,25,26].”
Background
Are Cultural Differences in Emotion Regulation Mediated by Personality Traits?
Matsumoto, D. (2006) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022106288478 · Cited by 197 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, Hong Kong Chinese, Japanese, and Asian Americans) are more likely to report using suppression than individuals from European backgrounds [12–15,16 ].”
Background
Self–focused attention and emotional reactivity: The role of culture
Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Tsai, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018534 · Cited by 185 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, independent (versus interdependent) cultures more strongly value positive emotions (especially high-arousal positive emotions like excitement [34]) [35–37] and more highly devalue negative emotions [37,38,39 ].”
Background
Anger suppression, interdependent self-construal, and depression among Asian American and European American college students.
Cheung, R. Y. M., & Park, I. J. K. (2010) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020655 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Cross-Cultural Validation of Fear of Happiness Scale Across 14 National Groups
Joshanloo, M., Lepshokova, Z. K., Panyusheva, T., Natalia, A., Poon, W. C., Yeung, V. W. L., Sundaram, S., Achoui, M. M., Asano, R., Igarashi, T., et al. (2013) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022113505357 · Cited by 162 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, independent (versus interdependent) cultures more strongly value positive emotions (especially high-arousal positive emotions like excitement [34]) [35–37] and more highly devalue negative emotions [37,38,39 ].”
Background
Cultural differences in hedonic emotion regulation after a negative event.
Miyamoto, Y., Ma, X., & Petermann, A. G. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0036257 · Cited by 148 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, independent (versus interdependent) cultures more strongly value positive emotions (especially high-arousal positive emotions like excitement [34]) [35–37] and more highly devalue negative emotions [37,38,39 ].”
Background
Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines.
Roberts, N. A., Levenson, R. W., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.06.003 · Cited by 147 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of note, some studies found that suppression is equally harmful for individuals from both interdependent and independent cultures [16,33].”
Background
Emotional Expression and Health: Advances in Theory, Assessment and Clinical Applications
Nyklı́ček, I., Temoshok, L. R., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2004) · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Gene–Culture Interaction
Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Mojaverian, T., Sasaki, J. Y., Park, J., Suh, E. M., & Taylor, S. E. (2011) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550611405854 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
When Holding Back Helps
Le, B. M., & Impett, E. A. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613475365 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Cultural context moderates the relationship between emotion control values and cardiovascular challenge versus threat responses
Mauss, I. B., & Butler, E. A. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.010 · Cited by 124 · cited 1× · see citing works
“During a negative emotion induction, a stronger preference to regulate emotions led to a more adaptive pattern of physiological responding in Asian-American cultural contexts, while a stronger preference to regulate emotions led to a maladaptive pattern of physiological responding in European-American cultural context…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Focusing on the negative: Cultural differences in expressions of sympathy.
Koopmann‐Holm, B., & Tsai, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037684 · Cited by 120 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, independent (versus interdependent) cultures more strongly value positive emotions (especially high-arousal positive emotions like excitement [34]) [35–37] and more highly devalue negative emotions [37,38,39 ].”
Background
Emotion control values and responding to an anger provocation in Asian-American and European-American individuals
Mauss, I. B., Butler, E. A., Roberts, N. A., & Chu, A. T. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903122273 · Cited by 100 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Suggesting that these preferences may translate to actual emotion regulation, Asian Americans experienced and facially expressed less anger than European Americans in a standardized laboratory anger provocation, and this effect of cultural group was mediated by Asian-Americans’ stronger preferences for emotion regulat…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Social Cognitive Factors in Emotion Regulation: Implications for Well-Being
Tamir, M., & Mauss, I. B. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6953-8_3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Role of Culture and Self-Construal in the Link Between Expressive Suppression and Depressive Symptoms
Su, J. C., Lee, R. M., & Oishi, S. (2012) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022112443413 · Cited by 71 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In even stronger support of the notion that suppression is less harmful in interdependent cultural contexts, research has shown that suppression is linked to worse functioning for individuals from independent cultural backgrounds but is unrelated to psychological and social functioning for individuals from interdepend…”
Background
Regulating Emotions: Culture, Social Necessity, and Biological Inheritance
Vandekerckhove, M. M. P., von Scheve, C., Ismer, S., Jung, S., & Kronast, S. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9781444301786.ch · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Emotion suppression and cardiovascular disease: Is hiding feelings bad for your heart?
Mauss, I. B., & Gross, J. J. (2004) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Culture and Automatic Emotion Regulation
Mauss, I. B., Bunge, S. A., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9781444301786.ch2 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, social support [41], attentional focus [42], automatic emotion regulation [43]).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cultural Variations in Psychopathology: From Research to Practice
Barlow, C. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Is Emotion Suppression That Bad? Comparing the Emotion Suppression and Subjective Well-being Link in Two Cultures
이은경, Sherman, D. K., Chu, T., Suh, E. M., & Kim, H. S. (2009) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.1.008 · Cited by 26 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In even stronger support of the notion that suppression is less harmful in interdependent cultural contexts, research has shown that suppression is linked to worse functioning for individuals from independent cultural backgrounds but is unrelated to psychological and social functioning for individuals from interdepend…”
Background
Running away from unwanted feelings: Culture matters
Su, J. C., Wei, M., & Tsai, H.-T. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.881322 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the other hand, European Americans (but not Chinese individuals) associate suppression with experiential avoidance [20].”
Background
Coping with peer stressors and associated dysphoria: Acculturation differences among Chinese-American children
Huang, K., Leong, F. T. L., & Wagner, N. S. (1994) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515079408254134 · Cited by 23 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, Chinese-American children who used suppression in response to peer-induced stressors had better mood, but only when they were more oriented toward Chinese (versus American) culture [32].”
Background

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 56 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Why Beliefs About Emotion Matter: An Emotion-Regulation Perspective
Ford, B. Q., & Gross, J. J. (2018) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721418806697 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“Although little research has examined cul-ture’s role in beliefs about emotion controllability, prior work examining culture’s role in emotion regulation strongly suggests that culture may influence control beliefs (see Ford & Mauss, 2015, for a review).”
Self-citation
Positive Cognitive Reappraisal in Stress Resilience, Mental Health, and Well-Being: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Riepenhausen, A., Wackerhagen, C., Reppmann, Z. C., Deter, H., Kalisch, R., Veer, I. M., & Walter, H. (2022) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/17540739221114642 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
“Since emotion regulation has culturally diverse aspects (Ford & Mauss, 2015), we can therefore only draw substantial conclusions for Western populations.”
Background
Emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial well-being in adolescence
Verzeletti, C., Zammuner, V., Galli, C., & Agnoli, S. (2016) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2016.1199294 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“…of the eliciting situation, and individual characteristics, and analyzing the interactions among such facets (see Aldao, Sheppes, & Gross, 2015; Aldao & Tull, 2015; Ford & Mauss, 2015; Morris, Silk, Steinberg, Myers, & Robinson, 2007; Raver, 2004; Zeman, Cassano, Perry-Parrish, & Stegall, 2006).”
On the Panculturality of Self-enhancement and Self-protection Motivation
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Cai, H. (2015) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2015.04.002 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Of particular interest is the dimension of individualismecollectivism (Hofstede, 1980, 2001; Triandis, 1995; see also Ford & Mauss, 2015).3 Western culture forges an individualistic self.”
Background
The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review
Arias-López, J. A., Williams, C., Raghvani, R., Aghajani, M., Báez, S., Belzung, C., Booij, L., Busatto, G. F., Chiarella, J., Fu, C. H. Y., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“in the regulation of strong negative or distressing states (Butler et al., 2007; Ford and Mauss, 2015; Matsumoto et al., 2008; Mesquita and Albert, 2007).”
Coping, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes
Marroquín, B. M., Tennen, H. A., & Stanton, A. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58763-9_14 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Positive affect and reward processing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma
Craske, M. G., Dunn, B. D., Meuret, A. E., Rizvi, S. J., & Taylor, C. T. (2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00355-4 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Moreover, a majority of research has been conducted in Western and predominantly white samples, and findings might differ across cultures 233,249 .”
Cultural Differences in Interpersonal Emotion Regulation
Liddell, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00999 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“This suggests that there are some in the EA group where intrapersonal strategies are beneficial to coping with exposure to negative emotional cues, particularly if those strategies are consistent with their individualistic self-construal (De Leersnyder et al., 2014; Ford and Mauss, 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Identifying similarities and differences in emotion recognition with EEG and eye movements among Chinese, German, and French People
Liu, W., Zheng, W., Li, Z., Wu, S., Gan, L., & Lu, B. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac5c8d · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“For example, people living in cultures with stronger social norms are more willing to regulate their negative emotions so that social harmony is not disrupted [1].”
Emotion regulation strategies and psychological health across cultures.
Tamir, M., Ito, A., Miyamoto, Y., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Choi, J. H. (., Cieciuch, J., Riediger, M., Rauers, A., Padun, M., Kim, M. Y., et al. (2023) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0001237 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience
Stover, A. D., Shulkin, J., Lac, A., & Rapp, T. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102428 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Confirmatory validation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale‐Positive
Weiss, N. H., Darosh, A. G., Contractor, A. A., Schick, M. M., & Dixon‐Gordon, K. L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22768 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Assessing Appetitive Traits Among Chinese Young Adults Using the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Gender Invariance and Latent Mean Differences, and Associations With BMI
He, J., Sun, S., Zickgraf, H. F., Ellis, J. M., & Fan, X. (2019) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191119864642 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Effects of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS), and emotion regulation on depression: A one-year follow-up study in Chinese adolescents
Li, Y., Xu, Y., & Chen, Z. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.007 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“This cultural and social background probably influences the use of emotion regulation strategies (Ford and Mauss, 2015).”
Background
Cultural variation in pro-positive versus balanced systems of emotions
Miyamoto, Y., Ma, X., & Wilken, B. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.05.014 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Emotional dysregulation in relation to substance use and behavioral addictions: Findings from five separate meta-analyses
González‐Roz, A., Castaño, Y., Krotter, A., Salazar-Cedillo, A., & Gervilla, E. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100502 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“…suggesting cultural differences in ED indicating Asian people experience greater difficulties in ED, frequent use of suppression and rumination (Ford & Mauss, 2015; Su et al., 2015) and that clinical samples employ dysfunctional ED strategies (e.g., rumination, suppression) more frequently…”
Background
Differences and Similarities in the Use of Nine Emotion Regulation Strategies in Western and East-Asian Cultures: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Song, H., Chan, J. S., & Ryan, C. (2024) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/00220221241285006 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we focus on the comparison between East-Asian and Western individuals because it has dominated the literature on emotion regulation, cross-culturally (Ford & Mauss, 2015; Hampton & Varnum, 2018).”
Regulation of positive and negative emotions across cultures: does culture moderate associations between emotion regulation and mental health?
Schunk, F., Trommsdorff, G., & König, D. (2021) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2021.1997924 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“In the literature, cultural differences in suppression are frequently explained by different self-construals, but studies empirically assessing self-construal are scarce (see Ford & Mauss, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
Specifying the mechanisms and targets of emotion regulation: A translational framework from affective science to psychological treatment.
Southward, M. W., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., & Cheavens, J. S. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/cps0000003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Individualism, collectivism, and emotion regulation: a cross-cultural examination among young adults from seven countries
Klein, N. D., Bravo, A. J., Conway, C., Keough, M. T., Pilatti, A., Mezquita, L., Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team, Bravo, A. J., Conway, C. C., Henson, J. M., et al. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06226-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Our finding of a positive association between HI and suppression was somewhat unexpected as it is contrary to past research suggested that higher independence tend to be associated with lower use of suppression strategies (Ford & Mauss, 2015 ).”
Influential
The Robustness of the Nine-Factor Structure of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire across Four Arabic-Speaking Middle Eastern Countries
Megreya, A. M., Latzman, R. D., Al-Attiyah, A. A., & Alrashidi, M. (2016) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022116644785 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Indeed, recent studies have reported quantitative and qualitative differences across different cultures in ER (Ford & Mauss, 2015; Mauss, Bunge, & Gross, 2008).”
Background
“I’d been like freaking out the whole night”: exploring emotion regulation based on junior doctors’ narratives
Lundin, R. M., Bashir, K., Bullock, A. D., Kostov, C., Mattick, K. L., Rees, C. E., & Monrouxe, L. V. (2017) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-017-9769-y · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Rather than classifying all negative emotions as ‘bad’ and positive emotions as ‘good’, research suggests that the impact of both positive and negative emotions depends upon the specific context in which they occur (Ford and Mauss 2015).”
Background
Emotion regulation and mental health across cultures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chen, S., Cai, Q., Omari, D. I., Sanghvi, D. E., Lyu, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02168-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Given that culture impacts how people think, feel and behave 15 , the role of culture in emotion and ER has been of interest to many researchers 12,38 .”
Exploring cultural differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies in posttraumatic stress disorder
Nagulendran, A., & Jobson, L. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1729033 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Culture shapes individual preferences for the strategies used to self-regulate emotions and the associated psychological outcomes (Ford & Mauss, 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
More (of the right strategies) is better: disaggregating the naturalistic between- and within-person structure and effects of emotion regulation strategies
Southward, M. W., & Cheavens, J. S. (2020) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2020.1797637 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Given crosscultural (Ford & Mauss, 2015) and age-related (Eldesouky & English, 2018) differences in emotion regulation, our results may not generalise beyond American young adults.”
Interdependent self-construal predicts emotion suppression in Asian Americans: An electro-cortical investigation
Kraus, B., & Kitayama, S. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107733 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Emotion regulation flexibility and momentary affect in two cultures
Chen, S., Bi, K., Han, X., Sun, P., & Bonanno, G. A. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00215-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Culture plays a pivotal role in shaping how individuals perceive, interpret and manage their emotions within specific sociocultural settings, as well as the function of ER 37,38 .”
The impact of cultural differences in self-representation on the neural substrates of posttraumatic stress disorder
Liddell, B. J., & Jobson, L. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.30464 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Ford and Mauss (2015) highlight that”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of mindfulness, reappraisal, and suppression on sad mood and cognitive resources
Keng, S., Tan, E. L. Y., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., & Smoski, M. J. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Data versus Spock: lay theories about whether emotion helps or hinders
Karnaze, M. M., & Levine, L. J. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1326374 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Suppressing emotional expression is not universally maladaptive (Ford & Mauss, 2015), but has been linked to lower well-being (Gross & John, 2003), psychopathology (Aldao et al., 2010), and less social support (Srivastava, Tamir, McGonigal, John, & Gross, 2009).”
Background
Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Taiwanese College Students
Li, C.-H., & Wu, J.-J. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118773875 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Some valuable concepts from the Chinese cultural context, such as harmony, the golden mean, and interdependence, have profoundly affected the ways of handling emotions among the Taiwanese (Chiang, 2012; Ford & Mauss, 2015; Kwon, Yoon, Joormann, & Kwon, 2013; Sundararajan, 2015).”
Background
Display rules differ between positive emotions: Not all that feels good looks good.
Manokara, K., Fischer, A. H., & Sauter, D. A. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001078 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Whether we express our emotions is determined by both individual differences, like age and gender (Chaplin, 2015; Urry & Gross, 2010), and environmental features, such as cultural norms and contextual cues (Ford & Mauss, 2015; Kalokerinos et al., 2017).”
MINDFULNESS SEBAGAI STRATEGI REGULASI EMOSI
Yusainy, C., Nurwanti, R., Dharmawan, I. R. J., Andari, R., Mahmudah, M. U., Tiyas, R. R., Husnaini, B. H. M., & Anggono, C. O. (2019) · Jurnal Psikologi · doi:10.14710/jp.17.2.174-188 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women
Mekawi, Y., Watson‐Singleton, N. N., Dixon, H. D., Fani, N., Michopoulos, V., & Powers, A. D. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23036 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Emotion regulation among Bedouin teachers in Israel: inherent conflicts between two different cultural systems of emotion rules
Oplatka, İ., & El-Kuran, S. (2020) · Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education · doi:10.1080/03057925.2020.1807913 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“One of the functions of culture is to mould and maintain social order by creating value systems that facilitate norms for regulating emotions (Ford and Mauss 2015).”
Background
Resilience After Trauma in Kosovo and Southeastern Europe: A Scoping Review
Kelmendi, K., & Hamby, S. L. (2022) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380221093693 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Adolescents’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs and daily affect intensity
Bassi, M., Fave, A. D., Steca, P., & Caprara, G. (2018) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9669-3
Modeling the role of emotion regulation and critical thinking in immunity in higher education
Li, M., Heydarnejad, T., Azizi, Z., & Gashti, Z. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005071 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
It’s all about beliefs: Believing emotions are uncontrollable is linked to symptoms of anxiety and depression through cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression
Deplancke, C., Somerville, M. P., Harrison, A., & Vuillier, L. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03252-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“These differences in par - ticipant demographics may have led to differences in par - ticipants’ use of expressive suppression as previous research has indicated that factors such as age and culture may shape how individuals regulate their emotions (Ford & Mauss, 2015 ; Zimmerman & Iwanski, 2014).”
Exploring trauma associated appraisals in trauma survivors from collectivistic cultures
Engelbrecht, A., & Jobson, L. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3043-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Culture influences how individuals think, feel and behave (Ford and Mauss 2015).”
Background
Emotion regulation of social exclusion: a cross-cultural study
He, Z., Muhlert, N., & Elliott, R. (2021) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-021-00857-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Developmental aspects in cultural neuroscience
Chiao, J. Y. (2018) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2018.06.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Culture affects distinct stages of emotional processes and their interaction with cognition, from perception and recognition of emotional expressions to the regulation of emotional experiences (Elfenbein & Ambady, 2002; Mauss & Ford, 2015).”
Background
Early childhood teachers’ psychological well-being and responsiveness toward children: A comparison between the U.S. and South Korea
Byun, S., Zhao, X., Buettner, C. K., Chung, S. A., & Jeon, L. (2022) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2022.103705 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Beyond the Text Given: Studying the Scaffolding of Narrative Emotion Regulation as a Contribution to Bruner and Feldman’s Cultural Cognitive Developmental Psychology
Graneist, A., & Habermas, T. (2019) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-019-9474-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation in Close Relationships: The Role of Individual Differences and Situational Context
Chen, W., & Liao, W. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697901 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Examining Cultural Differences in the Associations between Appraisals and Emotion Regulation and PostTraumatic Stress Disorder in Malaysian and Australian Trauma Survivors
Jobson, L., Haque, S., Abdullah, S. Z., Lee, B., Li, H., Reyneke, T., Tan, B. K. W., Lau, W., & Liddell, B. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031163 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“However, in Western cultures, there is often an emphasis on the experience, expression and making sense of emotions [11,12].”
Influential
Cultural influences on neural systems of intergroup emotion perception: An fMRI study
Harada, T., Mano, Y., Komeda, H., Hechtman, L. A., Pornpattananangkul, N., Parrish, T. B., Sadato, N., Iidaka, T., & Chiao, J. Y. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107254 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Childhood adversity and emotion regulation strategies as predictors of psychological stress and mental health in American Indian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
McCullen, J. R., Counts, C. J., & John‐Henderson, N. A. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001106 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cultural Differences in Perceptual Strategies Underlying Emotion Regulation
Bebko, G. M., Cheon, B. K., Ochsner, K. N., & Chiao, J. Y. (2019) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022119876102 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…Thornhill, Murray, & Schaller, 2008) such as the appropriate displays of emotion in social relationships and contexts (Butler et al., 2007; Ford & Mauss, 2015; Matsumoto, Yoo, Nakagawa, & 37 Members of the Multinational Study of Cultural Display Rules, 2008), including different kinds of…”
BackgroundInfluential
Regulación emocional y habilidades académicas: relación en niños de 9 a 11 años de edad
Andrés, M. L., Stelzer, F., Vernucci, S., Juric, L. C., Galli, J. I., & Guzmán, J. I. N. (2017) · Suma Psicológica · doi:10.1016/j.sumpsi.2017.07.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire
Fujisato, H., Ito, M., Takebayashi, Y., Hosogoshi, H., Kato, N., Nakajima, S., Miyamae, M., Oe, Y., Usami, S., Kanie, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.064 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In a previous study, it was assumed that emotion regulation strategies targeting the less visible internal experience of emotion may be equally important across cultures, as individuals discreetly regulate any culturally-valued emotions (Ford and Mauss, 2015).”
Background
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the brief version of the difficulty in emotion regulation scale (DERS-16)
Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Kanj, G., Obeïd, S., & Hallit, S. R. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01117-2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“However, research pointed to the culturallydependent nature of ER [57] and the significant differences between western and Arab samples regarding how ER strategies are used and how they relate to psychopathology [58], [59].”
Background
What We Can Learn About Emotion by Talking With the Hadza
Hoemann, K., Gendron, M., Crittenden, A. N., Mangola, S. M., Endeko, E. S., Dussault, È., Barrett, L. F., & Mesquita, B. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231178555 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“However, the impact of suppressing versus expressing emotions varies across cultures (for a review, see Ford & Mauss, 2015).”
Background
Effects of Natural Mentoring Relationships on College Students’ Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation
Le, T. P., Hsu, T., & Raposa, E. B. (2021) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12504 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A community of fear: emotion and the hydro-social cycle in East Porterville, California
Ajibade, I. M., & Egge, M. (2021) · Journal of Political Ecology · doi:10.2458/jpe.2366 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A cross-cultural study of the effect of parental bonding on the perception and response to criticism in Singapore, Italy and USA
Neoh, M. J. Y., Carollo, A., Bonassi, A., Mulatti, C., Lee, A., & Esposito, G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257888 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Exploring Malaysian parents' and teachers' cultural conceptualization of adolescent social and emotional competencies: A qualitative formative study
Hadi, N. H. A., Midin, M., Tong, S. F., Chan, L. F., Sahimi, H. M. S., Badayai, A. R. A., & Adilun, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.992863 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Therefore, individuals’ cultures and values are known to impose norms regarding ER styles (29) and thus influence the understanding and belief toward elements of SECs.”
Background
The Association Between Emotion Recognition and Internalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
Zhang, L., Liang, H., Bjureberg, J., Xiong, F., & Cai, Z. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01891-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Western individualistic cultures emphasize personal independence and the importance of recognizing and valuing one ’ s own emotions (Ford & Mauss, 2015).”
Developing local crisis leadership – A research and training agenda
Eid, J., Hansen, A. L., Andreassen, N., Espevik, R., Brattebø, G., & Johnsen, B. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1041387 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Research has shown that there are cultural differences in emotion regulation strategies for instance, individuals from Asian backgrounds are more likely to use suppression compared to individuals with a European background (Ford and Mauss, 2015).”
Background
An integrative model of emotion regulation and associations with positive and negative affectivity across four Arabic speaking countries and the USA
Megreya, A. M., Latzman, R. D., Al‐Emadi, A., & Al-Attiyah, A. A. (2018) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9682-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“In spite of the replicability of these various ER models across different countries and languages, evidence indicates that culture could shape ER strategies in quantitative and qualitative ways (e.g., for review see Ford and Mauss 2015; Mauss et al.”
Influential
An examination of the mediating role of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the complex relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal behavior
Ranjbar, H. A., Bakhshesh-Boroujeni, M., Niri, S. F., Hekmati, I., Habibi, M., & Eskin, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1301695 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chinese validation of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) in college students
Cao, H., Mak, Y. W., Li, H. Y., & Leung, D. Y. P. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Mentalized Affectivity Scale (MAS): Development and validation of the Italian version
Rinaldi, T., Castelli, I., Greco, A., Greenberg, D. M., Jurist, E. L., Valle, A., & Marchetti, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249272 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Regarding emotion regulation, Ford and Mauss [10] consider the classic distinction between cultures promoting interdependence (Eastern cultures) and cultures promoting independence (Western cultures) and highlight that cultures play an important role in determining the motivation of individuals’ emotion regulation and…”
Background
Associations Between Emotion Regulation and Life Satisfaction Among University Students From Germany, Hong Kong, and Japan: The Mediating Role of Social Support
Schunk, F., Trommsdorff, G., Wong, N., & Nakao, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745888 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The usage of specific ER strategies and their associations with life satisfaction has been found to differ across cultures (see Ford and Mauss, 2015, for a review).”
Background
Associations of Face-to-Face and Instant Messaging Family Communication and Their Contents With Family Wellbeing and Personal Happiness Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Gong, W. J., Sit, S. M.-M., Wong, B. Y.-M., Wu, S. Y. D., Lai, A. Y. K., Ho, S. Y., Wang, M. P., & Lam, T. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.780714 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“While open and direct expression of affection, both verbal and non-verbal, are encouraged in Western families (53), such as saying “I love you”, this is not common in Chinese households, where strong emotions are typically held back, stemming from a historical emphasis on the regulation of social behaviors and express…”
Background
Using emotion regulation to cope with challenges: a study of Chinese students in the United Kingdom
Cheng, M., Friesen, A. P., & Adekola, O. A. (2018) · Cambridge Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/0305764x.2018.1472744 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Perceived discrimination, emotion dysregulation and loss of control eating in young men
Kelly, N. R., Cotter, E. W., Guidinger, C., & Williamson, G. (2020) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101387 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Social Interaction
Tronick, E., Barbosa, M., Fuertes, M., & Beeghly, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.23629-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Applying the S-ART Framework to Yoga: Exploring the Self-Regulatory Action of Yoga Practice in Two Culturally Diverse Samples
Roche, L. T., & Menon, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.585300 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Multimodal Assessment of the Motor System in Patients With Chronic Ischemic Stroke
Nazarova, M. A., Kulikova, S. P., Пирадов, М. А., Limonova, A. S., Добрынина, Л. А., Коновалов, Р. Н., Novikov, P. A., Sehm, B., Villringer, A., Saltykova, A., et al. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.119.028832 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation Strategies and Stress in Irish College Students and Chinese International College Students in Ireland
Sun, Y., & Nolan, C. (2021) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/jis.v11i4.2516 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
If it Ain't Broke, Don't Fix it: Positive Versus Negative Emotion Regulation in Daily Life and Depressive Symptoms
Mueller, I., Pruessner, L., Holt, D. V., Zimmermann, V., Schulze, K., Strakosch, A.-M., & Barnow, S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.037 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Validity and reliability of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form in Indonesian non-clinical population
Danasasmita, F. S., Pandia, V., Fitriana, E., Afriandi, I., Purba, F. D., Ichsan, A., Pradana, K., Santoso, A. H. S., Mardhiyah, F. S., & Engellia, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380354 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“For example, the concept of understanding emotion in Indonesia could be different from American or other Western cultures (57).”
The longitudinal impact of cultural values on adaptation among ethnic minority students in mainland China: The mediating role of emotion regulation
Zhao, B., & Hu, P. (2024) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102014 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Proposed Model to Explain Happiness in College Students: The Roles of Perceived Parenting Styles, Emotional Self-Efficacy, and Forgiveness
Asıcı, E., & Sarı, H. İ. (2021) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-021-09378-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Association among self-compassion, childhood invalidation, and borderline personality disorder symptomatology in a Singaporean sample
Keng, S.-L., & Wong, Y. Y. (2017) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-017-0075-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Further, the fact that Asian cultures tend to emphasize interdependence, emotion control, and hierarchy [15, 16] might imply a high level of invalidation experienced at the individual and/or collective level.”
Background
Association between personality traits and symptoms of depression and anxiety via emotional regulation and distress tolerance
Aguirre, P., Michelini, Y., Bravo, A. J., Pautassi, R., & Pilatti, A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306146 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – adult version (BRIEF-A) in Iranian University students: Factor structure and relationship to depressive symptom severity
Mohammadnia, S., Bigdeli, I., Mashhadi, A., Chamanabad, A. G., & Roth, R. M. (2020) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2020.1810689 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“That cultural factors may have played a role in our findings is supported by prior research indicating cross-cultural differences in emotional and behavioral regulation (Ford & Mauss, 2015; Tran et al., 2019).”
Result
Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors
Jobson, L., Willoughby, C., Specker, P., Wong, J., Draganidis, A., Lau, W., & Liddell, B. J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22995-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cross-cultural validation and measurement invariance of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ): a study in Iran and the USA
Mazidi, M., Azizi, A., Becerra, R., Gross, J. J., Zarei, M., Mirshafiei, M., & Preece, D. A. (2023) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2023.2217325 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“This might reflect cultural differences in the utility or appropriateness of certain emotion regulation strategies (e.g., Ford & Mauss, 2015; Matsumoto et al., 2008; Ramzan & Amjad, 2017) and could be an important focus of future work.”
Background
The role of emotion beliefs in depression, anxiety, and stress
Johnston, T. E., Petrova, K., Mehta, A., Gross, J. J., McEvoy, P. M., & Preece, D. A. (2024) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2023.2290734 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Culture can exert a pervasive influence over perceptions towards emotions and motivation to regulate emotions (Ford & Mauss, 2015).”
Background
Cultural Influences on Emotion: Established Patterns and Emerging Trends
Tsai, J. L., & Clobert, M. (2016) · HAL · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Religious coping and young adult’s mental well-being during Covid-19: Testing a double moderated mediation model
Fatima, S., Arshad, M., & Mushtaq, M. (2022) · Archive for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1177/00846724221121685 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…recognition that emotion regulation is culturally sensitive and that frequent use of positive reappraisal is at the core of mental well-being (Ford & Mauss, 2015), highlights the need for more in-depth assessment of gender differences in relating positive reappraisal and self-blaming to…”
Background
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of personalized psychological flexibility index (C-PPFI) in college students
Fang, S., Huang, M., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.008 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-construal differences in neural responses to negative social cues
Liddell, B. J., Felmingham, K. L., Das, P., Whitford, T. J., Malhi, G. S., Battaglini, E., & Bryant, R. A. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.07.023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…traditional notion that emotion is governed by universal neural and psychological processes: rather, these models suggest that cultural factors play a significant role in the emotional lives of individuals (Engelmann and Pogosyan, 2013; Ford and Mauss, 2015; Mesquita, 2001; Rogers et al., 2014).”
Background
Argentinean Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)
del-Valle, M., Andrés, M. L., Urquijo, S., Zamora, E., Mehta, A., & Gross, J. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941211021343 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Furthermore, culture has been shown to guide and orient the regulation of emotion (Ford & Mauss, 2015) and moderate its relationship to well-being (e.g., Butler et al., 2007; Su et al., 2015).”
Background
Using machine learning to identify early predictors of adolescent emotion regulation development
Lissa, C. J. V., Beinhauer, L. J., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2023) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12845 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Paixão e satisfação atlética em atletas brasileiras de basquetebol universitário
Xavier, C. C., Melo, S. V. A., Freitas, A. F. L., Contreira, A. R., & Vieira, L. F. (2020) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4282 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Pain Management Among Women From Labor to Three Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review
Srisopa, P., Cong, X. S., Russell, B. S., & Lucas, R. (2021) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2021.05.011 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
On (Im)Patience: A New Approach to an Old Virtue
Sweeny, K. M. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683241263874 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Efficacious EFL Teachers’ Goals and Strategies for Emotion Management: The Role of Culture in Focus
Chahkandi, F., Rasekh, A. E., & Tavakoli, M. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.18869/acadpub.ijal.19.1.35 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Adaptation and psychometric validation of Hindi version of the Behavioural Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Bhat, N. A., Devdutt, J., Johnson, J. A., & Roopesh, B. N. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102730 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Music listening as a coping resource in domestic and international university students
Vidas, D., Nelson, N. L., & Dingle, G. A. (2022) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/03057356211066964 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Importantly, outside of the domain of music listening, emotion regulation strategies differ between cultures (Ford & Mauss, 2015), such that those with interdependent cultural values are more motivated to regulate emotions using suppression, whereas this is not the case in more independent cultures.”
Background
Drinking Motives as Mediators of the Relationship of Cultural Orientation with Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences in College Students from Seven Countries
Pilatti, A., Klein, N. D., Mezquita, L., Bravo, A. J., Keough, M. T., Pautassi, R. M., & Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00789-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…align with a growing set of studies challenging the widespread description of countries as purely individualist or collectivist, but instead suggest that cultural orientation should be better described as individual instead of societal attitudes (e.g., Ford & Mauss, 2015; Triandis & Gelfand, 1998).”
Background
Psychotic experiences, emotion regulation, and suicidal ideation among Chilean adolescents in the general population
Wastler, H. M., & Núñez, D. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.983250 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“These inconsistent findings might be attributable to differences in emotion regulation among adolescents versus adults (65, 66) and/or across cultures (46).”
Background
Gene by Culture Effects on Emotional Processing of Social Cues among East Asians and European Americans
Javanbakht, A., Tompson, S., Kitayama, S., King, A. P. J., Yoon, C., & Liberzon, I. (2018) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs8070062 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cultural and emotional determinants of cervical cancer screening among older Hispanic women
Cadet, T. J., Burke, S. L., Stewart, K., Howard, T., & Schonberg, M. A. (2017) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2017.1364740 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“It is possible that the intrapersonal determinants that we measured using culture overly influenced the intrapersonal determinants of emotion and demographics or this population (De Leersnyder, Boiger, & Mesquita, 2013; Ford & Mauss, 2015).”
Background
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) in Chinese samples
Fang, S., Huang, M., & Ding, D. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05255-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In Chinese culture, suppressing emotions is considered a virtue of self-control (Ford & Mauss, 2015, Zhang et al., 2021).”
Using Reappraisal to Improve Outcomes for STEM Teachers and Students
Cohen, L. D., Gross, J. J., & Rubinsten, O. (2023) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.313 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Authentic leadership and employee health: a conditional process model
Hildenbrand, K., Daher, P., & Akaighe, G. O. (2021) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-07-2020-0362 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Authors: Ford, B. Q., & Mauss, I. B.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Ford, Brett Q
ORCID: Ford, Brett Q
Mauss, Iris B
Venue: Current Opinion in Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-06
Volume: 3
Pages: 1-5
ISSN: 2352-250X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.004
PMC: PMC4341898
OpenAlex: W2167708481
Cited by: 340
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3
FWCI: 2.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Current Opinion in Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health Affective Science Training Fellowship (5T32MH020006)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: culture, emotion regulation, well-being, cultural differences in emotion, cross-cultural psychology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Culture and emotion regulation

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks