Intentional inhibition but not source memory is related to hallucination-proneness and intrusive thoughts in a university sample
Open accessAbstract
Proneness to unusual perceptual states - such as auditory or visual hallucinations - has been proposed to exist on a continuum in the general population, but whether there is a cognitive basis for such a continuum remains unclear. Intentional cognitive inhibition (the ability to wilfully control thoughts and memories) is one mechanism that has been linked to auditory hallucination susceptibility, but most evidence to date has been drawn from clinical samples only. Moreover, such a link has yet to be demonstrated over and above relations to other cognitive skills (source monitoring) and cognitive states (intrusive thoughts) that often correlate with both inhibition and hallucinations. The present study deployed two tests of intentional inhibition ability - the Inhibition of Currently Irrelevant Memories (ICIM) task and Directed Forgetting (DF) task - and one test of source monitoring (a source memory task) to examine how cognitive task performance relates to self-reported i) auditory hallucination-proneness and ii) susceptibility to intrusive thoughts in a non-clinical student sample (N = 76). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess the independent and combined contributions of task performance to proneness scores. ICIM performance but not DF or source memory scores were significantly related to both hallucination-proneness and intrusive thoughts. Further analysis suggested that intrusive thoughts may mediate the link between intentional inhibition skills and auditory hallucination-proneness, suggesting a potential pathway from inhibition to perception via intrusions in cognition. The implications for studying cognitive mechanisms of hallucination and their role in "continuum" views of psychosis-like experiences are discussed.
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People reporting hallucinatory experiences make more false alarm responses on an inhibitory control task than non-hallucinating participants.
“Separately, a number of studies have shown that people reporting hallucinatory experiences make more false alarm responses on an inhibitory control task (ie, fail to suppress irrelevant stimuli) than non-hallucinating participants. 20-22”
From Towards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
The result that participants who hallucinate are more likely to incorrectly recall a spoken word as heard has not been replicated in general population groups.
“although this result has not been replicated in general population groups. 20 , 21 , 27”
From Towards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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EEG resting state alpha dynamics predict individual proneness to auditory hallucinationsPreprint
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Differentiating hallucination proneness dimensions through alpha resting state dynamics
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- Authors
- Alderson-Day, B., Smailes, D., Moffatt, J., Mitrenga, K., Moseley, P., & Fernyhough, C.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Durham University (GB)
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 113
- Pages
- 267-278
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6459394
- OpenAlex
- W2908993122
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT098455, WT108720)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- intentional inhibition, source memory, source monitoring, auditory hallucinations, hallucination proneness, intrusive thoughts, directed forgetting, psychosis continuum, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory, Models, Psychological, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotic Disorders, Students, Universities, Young Adult, Executive Function
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