A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia

Kimbrel, Nathan A.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.08.003

Cited by 151Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Assessments

A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia

Kimbrel, Nathan A.·2008·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.08.003

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Abstract

Many factors have been associated with the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia (GSP); however, the ways in which these factors interact with one another to produce and maintain GSP remains unclear. The current paper proposes that Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) can be used to integrate a wide range of factors into a unified and theoretically-driven model of GSP. The paper begins by briefly summarizing research on genetic, temperamental, environmental, and cognitive factors associated with GSP. The next section of the paper provides an overview of RST. A model of the development and maintenance of GSP is then presented. The proposed model is unique because it: (a) integrates a wide range of factors into a unified model of GSP, (b) incorporates recent updates to RST, (c) provides a potential explanation for the differences observed among social phobia subtypes, (d) considers the role of general stressors in the development of GSP, (e) provides a biologically-based framework for understanding the cognitive biases seen in GSP, and (f) predicts the conditions under which these cognitive biases are most likely to emerge. Clinical implications and future directions for research are discussed.

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Parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection, exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization, early relational traumatic experiences, and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms contribute to the development of social anxiety and may also play a maintaining role.
“For instance, parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection (152–154), exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization (152, 155, 156), early relational traumatic experiences (154, 157, 158) and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms (159) contribute to the development of social anxiety and may”
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The Neural Circuits that Underlie Fear
Karim, N., & Joseph, L. (1999) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118872.003.0008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

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Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: 20 years after
Cummings, C. M., Caporino, N. E., & Kendall, P. C. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0034733 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works
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Beauchamp, M. H., & Anderson, V. A. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0017768 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality–psychopathology associations
Bijttebier, P., Beck, I., Claes, L., & Vandereycken, W. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.002 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in social anxiety and depression: a systematic review of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal
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A Cognitive Behavioral Model of Social Anxiety Disorder
Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010) · Social Anxiety · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Should an obsessive-compulsive spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM-V?
Phillips, K. A., Stein, D. J., Rauch, S. L., Hollander, E., Fallon, B. A., BARSKY, A. J., Fineberg, N. A., Mataix‐Cols, D., Ferrão, Y. A., Saxena, S., et al. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20705 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Attention bias modification for social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Heeren, A., Mogoașe, C., Philippot, P., & McNally, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.001 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model
Wong, Q. J. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.069 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder
Heimberg, R., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Prevalence of anxiety disorders among children who stutter
Iverach, L., Jones, M., McLellan, L. F., Lyneham, H. J., Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., & Rapee, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.07.002 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Belongingness as a Core Personality Trait: How Social Exclusion Influences Social Functioning and Personality Expression
DeWall, C. N., Deckman, T., Pond, R. S., & Bonser, I. (2010) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00695.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and emotion regulation difficulties: A multimodal investigation
Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Latzman, R. D., Kimbrel, N. A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.010 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Conceptual relations between anxiety disorder and fearful temperament
Rapee, R. M., & Coplan, R. J. (2010) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.260 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Reinforcement sensitivity, depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation model
Katz, B. A., Matanky, K., Aviram, G., & Yovel, I. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101842 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A dimensional analysis of creativity and mental illness: Do anxiety and depression symptoms predict creative cognition, creative accomplishments, and creative self-concepts?
Silvia, P. J., & Kimbrel, N. A. (2010) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0016494 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Neural sensitivity to social reward and punishment anticipation in social anxiety disorder
Cremers, H. R., Veer, I. M., Spinhoven, P., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Roelofs, K. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00439 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Examining the relationship between shame and social anxiety disorder: A systematic review
Swee, M. B., Hudson, C. C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102088 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The effects of behavioral inhibition/approach system as predictors of Internet addiction in adolescents
Park, S. M., Park, Y. A., Lee, H. W., Jung, H. Y., Lee, J., & Choi, J. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.033 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Gender-specific neuroanatomical basis of behavioral inhibition/approach systems (BIS/BAS) in a large sample of young adults: A voxel-based morphometric investigation
Li, Y., Qiao, L., Sun, J., Wei, D., Li, W., Qiu, J., Zhang, Q., & Shi, H. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.041 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The correlates and consequences of early appearing social anxiety in young children
Weeks, M., Coplan, R. J., & Kingsbury, A. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.06.006 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Social Anxiety Disorder
Wong, J., Gordon, E. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2012) · Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp002027 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Safety Bias: Risk-Avoidance and Social Anxiety Pathology
Lorian, C. N., & Grisham, J. R. (2010) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.27.1.29 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Sensitivity of Gray’s Behavioral Inhibition System in clinically anxious and non-anxious children and adolescents
Vervoort, L., Wolters, L. H., Hogendoorn, S. M., de Haan, E., Boer, F., & Prins, P. J. M. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.021 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effects of cognitive bias modification on social anxiety: A meta-analysis
Liu, H.-N., Li, X.-W., Han, B.-X., & Liu, X. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175107 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Maintenance of social anxiety in stuttering: a cognitive-behavioral model
Iverach, L., Rapee, R. M., Wong, Q. J. J., & Lowe, R. (2017) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2016_ajslp-16-0033 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Social Anxiety and Its Relationship to Functional Impairment in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Kelly, M. M., Walters, C., & Phillips, K. A. (2009) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.01.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sensitivity shift theory: a developmental model of positive affect and motivational deficits in social anxiety disorder
Richey, J. A., Brewer, J. A., Sullivan-Toole, H., Strege, M. V., Kim-Spoon, J., White, S. W., & Ollendick, T. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101756 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Expression and co-expression of serotonin and dopamine transporters in social anxiety disorder: a multitracer positron emission tomography study
Hjorth, O. R., Frick, A., Gingnell, M., Hoppe, J. M., Faria, V., Hultberg, S., Alaie, I., Månsson, K. N. T., Wahlstedt, K., Jonasson, M., et al. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0618-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Structural relations between brain-behavioral systems, social anxiety, depression and internet addiction: With regard to revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST)
Fayazi, M., & Hasani, J. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.068 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
BIS, BAS, and bias: The role of personality and cognitive bias in social anxiety
Kimbrel, N. A., Nelson‐Gray, R. O., & Mitchell, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.041 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder: a critical overview of neurocognitive research
Cremers, H. R., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2016) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1390 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety
Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson‐Gray, R. O. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Individual differences in the Behavioral Inhibition System are associated with orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus gray matter volume
Fuentes‐Claramonte, P., Barrós‐Loscertales, A., Bustamante, J. C., Rosell‐Negre, P., Costumero, V., & Ávila, C. (2012) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-012-0099-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Take Control Course: Conceptual Rationale for the Development of a Transdiagnostic Group for Common Mental Health Problems
Morris, L., Mansell, W., & McEvoy, P. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00099 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Social anxiety in pre-adolescent children: What do we know about maintenance?
Halldorsson, B., & Creswell, C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.08.013 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cognitive‐Behavioral Models of Social Anxiety Disorder
Wong, J., Gordon, E. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Increased default mode network activity in socially anxious individuals during reward processing
Maresh, E. L., Allen, J. P., & Coan, J. A. (2014) · Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1186/2045-5380-4-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
When social anxiety co-occurs with substance use: does an impulsive social anxiety subtype explain this unexpected relationship?
Nicholls, J., Staiger, P., Williams, J. S., Richardson, B., & Kambouropoulos, N. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.040 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Emotional Intelligence in Social Phobia and Other Anxiety Disorders
Summerfeldt, L. J., Kloosterman, P. H., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E., & Parker, J. D. A. (2010) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-010-9199-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Understanding Emotion Inflexibility in Risk for Affective Disease: Integrating Current Research and Finding a Path Forward
Coifman, K. G., & Summers, C. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00392 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Risk for social anxiety in early adolescence: Longitudinal impact of pubertal development, appearance comparisons, and peer connections.
Rapee, R. M., Magson, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Richardson, C. E., Johnco, C. J., Oar, E. L., & Fardouly, J. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104126 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Role of Environmental Factors in the Aetiology of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature
Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2017) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2017.7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The role of punishment and reward sensitivity in the emotional labor process: A within-person perspective.
Schreurs, B. H. J., Guenter, H., Hulsheger, U. R., & van Emmerik, H. (2014) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035067 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Clarifying the dispositional basis of social anxiety: A hierarchical perspective
Naragon‐Gainey, K., & Watson, D. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Developmental Psychopathology of Social Anxiety and Phobia in Adolescents
Wong, Q. J. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Thwarted Belongingness Mediates the Relationship Between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Suicidal Ideation
Chu, C., Buchman‐Schmitt, J. M., Ringer, F. B., & Joiner, T. E. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9715-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Examining the incremental contribution of behavioral inhibition to generalized anxiety disorder relative to other Axis I disorders and cognitive-emotional vulnerabilities
Maack, D. J., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Linking Social Anxiety with Social Competence in Early Adolescence: Physiological and Coping Moderators
Kaeppler, A. K., & Erath, S. A. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0173-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bridging the Gap between Aetiological and Maintaining Factors in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Impact of Socially Traumatic Experiences on Beliefs, Imagery and Symptomatology.
Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2017) · Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2044 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Altered activation of the ventral striatum under performance-related observation in social anxiety disorder
Becker, M. P. I., Simon, D., Miltner, W. H. R., & Straube, T. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001076 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Interpersonal motivations in social anxiety: Weakened approach and intensified avoidance motivations for affiliation and social-rank
Blay, Y., Keshet, H., Friedman, L., & Gilboa‐Schechtman, E. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110449 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Social interaction anxiety, social phobia, and cognitive control: controlled reactions to facial affect during an emotional face flanker task
du Rocher, A. R., & Pickering, A. D. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04624-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Parental fear of negative child evaluation in child social anxiety
Schreier, S.-S., & Heinrichs, N. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.09.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Social Anxiety Disorder
Emge, T. M., & Hope, D. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09757-2_29 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dysfunctional Eating in an Australian Community Sample: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Impulsivity, and Reward and Punishment Sensitivity
Stapleton, P., & Whitehead, M. M. (2014) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12070 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Testing a concurrent model of social anxiety in preadolescence
Rapee, R. M., Forbes, M. K., Oar, E. L., Richardson, C. E., Johnco, C. J., Magson, N. R., & Fardouly, J. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025420912014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Intergenerational Transmission of Social Anxiety: The Role of Paternal and Maternal Fear of Negative Child Evaluation and Parenting Behaviour
de Vente, W., Majdandžić, M., Colonnesi, C., & Bögels, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.018811 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Restrictive emotionality, BIS, BAS, and psychological help-seeking behavior.
Tsan, J. Y., Day, S. X., Schwartz, J. P., & Kimbrel, N. A. (2011) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0021636 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pathways to social anxiety: The role of reinforcement sensitivities and emotion regulation
O’Connor, E. J., Staiger, P. K., Kambouropoulos, N., & Smillie, L. D. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effects of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on anger rumination and anger expression through Difficulty in Emotion Regulation
Khoshfetrat, A., Scully, D., & Fassbender, C. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111574 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder: Recent developments in psychological approaches to conceptualization and treatment
Lampe, L. A. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670903179111 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Vicarious learning of children’s social-anxiety-related fear beliefs and emotional Stroop bias.
Askew, C., Hagel, A., & Morgan, J. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000083 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Predicting socially anxious group membership using reinforcement sensitivity theory
Kramer, S. L., Rodriguez, B. F., & Kertz, S. J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.053 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Anxiety between personality and cognition: The gray zone
Mihić, L., Čolović, P., Ignjatović, I., Smederevac, S., & Novović, Z. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.013 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Using a Semi-Structured Interview to Explore Imagery Experienced During Social Anxiety for Clients with a Diagnosis of Psychosis: An Exploratory Study Conducted Within an Early Intervention for Psychosis Service
Lockett, S. H., Hatton, J., Turner, R., Stubbins, C. L., Hodgekins, J., & Fowler, D. G. (2011) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465811000439 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Escaping Threat
Kambouropoulos, N., Egan, S. T., O’Connor, E. J., & Staiger, P. K. (2014) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000126 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
No1LikesU! – A pilot study on an ecologically valid and highly standardised experimental paradigm to investigate social rejection expectations and their modification
D’Astolfo, L., Kirchner, L., & Rief, W. (2020) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.v2i2.2997 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Comparison of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Measures: Unique Associations With Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Observation Anxiety
Kramer, S. L., & Rodriguez, B. F. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116654003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ansiedad social, adicción al internet y al cibersexo: su relación con la percepción de salud
Castro, J. A., Vinaccia, S., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2018) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082018000300134 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
An Evaluation of Behavioral Approach in Adults with ADHD
Mitchell, J. T., Robertson, C. D., Kimbrel, N. A., & Nelson‐Gray, R. O. (2011) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9253-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fear and Anxiety in Social Setting
Ranđelović, K., Smederevac, S., Čolović, P., & Corr, P. J. (2018) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000251 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reinforcement sensitivity and social anxiety in combat veterans
Kimbrel, N. A., Meyer, E. C., DeBeer, B. B., Mitchell, J. T., Kimbrel, A. D., Nelson‐Gray, R. O., & Morissette, S. B. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder
Luoma, J., & Lear, M. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.733893 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For instance, parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection (152–154), exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization (152, 155, 156), early relational traumatic experiences (154, 157, 158) and strong societal expectations to adhere to stri…”
Background
Psychological adjustment of creative children: perspectives from self, peer and teacher
Li, W. L., Poon, J. C. Y., Tong, T. M. Y., & Lau, S. (2013) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2013.824069 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Can words be worse than stones? Understanding distressing social events and their relationship with social anxiety
Sapach, M. J. N. T., & Carleton, R. N. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102225 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems and Self-Esteem with Depression: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety
Heidari, P., & Nemattavousi, M. (2020) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-020-00378-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
High risk, high reward: Daily perceptions of social challenge and performance in social anxiety disorder
Blalock, D. V., Kashdan, T. B., & McKnight, P. E. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Interaction Effects of Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System and Cost/Probability Biases on Social Anxiety
Ito, R., Kobayashi, N., Yokoyama, S., Irino, H., Takebayashi, Y., & Suzuki, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02536 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in the context of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory
Ranđelović, K., & Zeleskov-Djoric, J. (2017) · Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini · doi:10.5937/zrffp47-14985 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Associations of behavioral inhibition system with negatively biased social cognitions: Moderation by the behavioral approach system
Gomez, R., Watson, S., & Stavropoulos, V. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110164 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anxiety, Social Phobia, Depression, and Suicide among People Who Stutter; A Review Study
Rezaeian, M., Akbari, M., Shirpoor, A. H., moghadasi, Z., zadeh, N. C., Nikdel, Z., & Hejri, M. (2020) · Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.29252/johe.9.2.98 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Phenotypes of reinforcement sensitivity as predictors of the response to acute antidepressant treatment in rats
Noworyta, K., & Ryguła, R. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neural response to monetary and social rewards and familial risk for psychopathology in adolescent females
Beatty, C. C., Gair, K. A., Anatala, J., Klein, D. N., Hajcak, G., & Nelson, B. D. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723003720 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Social anxiety and rumination in the context of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and the mediation model of social anxiety
Randjelovic, K., & Ćirović, N. (2020) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi200702034r · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Underlying differences in resting-state activity metrics related to sensitivity to punishment
Adrián‐Ventura, J., Nabás, J. F., Costumero, V., & Ávila, C. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114152 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Unique Associations of Revised-Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs with Social Anxiety
Gomez, R., Stavropoulos, V., Watson, S., Brown, T., & Corr, P. J. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00552-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Pattern of Social Phobia Prediction in Students Based on Cognitive Behavioral Factors
Taherifar, Z., Fata, L., & Banafsheh, G. (2010) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kretschmer revisitado: Fatiga mental e ideas de referencia. Contribuciones desde la Teoría de la Sensibilidad al Refuerzo
Testal, J. F. R., Garcelán, S. P., Senín‐Calderón, C., García-Jiménez, M. M., Álvarez-García, P., & Núñez-Gaitán, M. C. (2016) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.21.num.1.2016.16372 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A New Model to Facilitate Individualized Case Conceptualization and Treatment of Social Phobia: An Examination and Reaction to Moscovitch's Model
Heimberg, R. G. (2009) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.09.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Social Anxiety Disorder
Ledley, D. R., Erwin, B. A., Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781394258949.ch2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anger Responses in Adolescents: Relationship with Punishment and Reward Sensitivity
Kreuze, L. J., de Jong, P. J., Bennik, E. C., & Nauta, M. H. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01191-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A comprehensive review on the role of testosterone on the neurobehavioral systems implicated in the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality
Ahdab, J. E., Khachan, M. J., Richa, S., & Raad, G. (2022) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.020 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Behavioral Inhibition and Social Anxiety Disorder as Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders
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The Structural Relationships among Maternal Reflective Function, Preschoolers' Empathy, Executive Functions, and Caring Behaviors
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Authors: Kimbrel, N. A.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
Corresponding author: Kimbrel, Nathan A.
ORCID: Kimbrel, Nathan A.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 28
Issue: 4
Pages: 592-612
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.08.003
OpenAlex: W2053542791
Cited by: 151
References: 97
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 1.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: generalized social phobia, Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, social anxiety, cognitive biases, stressors, genetic factors, temperament, environmental factors, clinical implications
MeSH terms: Cognition, Environment, Fear, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Humans, Phobic Disorders, Psychological Theory, Reinforcement, Psychology, Temperament

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A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia

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