Neurophysiology of the BOLD fMRI Signal in Awake Monkeys
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Background Simultaneous intracortical recordings of neural activity and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in primary visual cortex of anesthetized monkeys demonstrated varying degrees of correlation between fMRI signals and the different types of neural activity, such as local field potentials (LFPs), multiple-unit activity (MUA), and single-unit activity (SUA). One important question raised by the aforementioned investigation is whether the reported correlations also apply to alert subjects.Results Monkeys were trained to perform a fixation task while stimuli within the receptive field of each recording site were used to elicit neural responses followed by a BOLD response. We show -- also in alert behaving monkeys -- that although both LFP and MUA make significant contributions to the BOLD response, LFPs are better and more reliable predictors of the BOLD signal. Moreover, when MUA responses adapt but LFP remains unaffected, the BOLD signal remains unaltered.Conclusions The persistent coupling of the BOLD signal to the field potential when LFP and MUA have different time evolutions suggests that BOLD is primarily determined by the local processing of inputs in a given cortical area. In the alert animal the largest portion of the BOLD signal's variance is explained by an LFP range (20-60 Hz) that is most likely related to neuromodulation. Finally, the similarity of the results in alert and anesthetized subjects indicates that at least in V1 anesthesia is not a confounding factor. This enables the comparison of human fMRI results with a plethora of electrophysiological results obtained in alert or anesthetized animals.
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The LFP-BOLD correlation spans a broadband of frequencies, not limited to a single frequency, though it is most notable in gamma.
“Although it is perhaps most notable in the gamma range, the LFP-BOLD correlation is not limited to any single frequency, but spans a broadband (135).”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [135]
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- Authors
- Goense, J. B. M., & Logothetis, N. K.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics (DE)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Logothetis, Nikos K.
- ORCID
- Logothetis, Nikos K.
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 631-640
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090664493
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
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- FWCI
- 38.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1939 d)
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- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
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- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
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- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- BOLD signal, primary visual cortex, local field potentials, multi-unit activity, single-unit activity, neuromodulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Consciousness, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Fixation, Ocular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, Visual Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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