Distinct transcriptional profiles of adrenocortical tumors uncovered by DNA microarray analysis

Giordano, Thomas J.; Thomas, Dafydd G.; Kuick, Rork; Lizyness, Michelle; Misek, David E.; Smith, Angela L.; Sanders, Donita; Aljundi, Rima T.; Gauger, Paul G.; Thompson, Norman W.; Taylor, Jeremy M.G.; Hanash, Samir M.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63846-1

Cited by 383Adrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsBreast Cancer Treatment StudiesGene expression and cancer classification

Distinct transcriptional profiles of adrenocortical tumors uncovered by DNA microarray analysis

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Giordano, Thomas J., Thomas, Dafydd G., Kuick, Rork, Lizyness, Michelle, Misek, David E., Smith, Angela L., Sanders, Donita, Aljundi, Rima T. +4 more·2003·The American Journal of Pathology

DOI 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63846-1PMC PMC1851158

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Abstract

Comprehensive expression profiling of tumors using DNA microarrays has been used recently for molecular classification and biomarker discovery, as well as a tool to identify and investigate genes involved in tumorigenesis. Application of this approach to a cohort of benign and malignant adrenocortical tissues would be potentially informative in all of these aspects. In this study, we generated transcriptional profiles of 11 adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs), 4 adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs), 3 normal adrenal cortices (NCs), and 1 macronodular hyperplasia (MNH) using Affymetrix HG_U95Av2 oligonucleotide arrays representing approximately 10,500 unique genes. The expression data set was used for unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis as well as principal component analysis to visually represent the expression data. An analysis of variance on the three classes (NC, ACA plus MNH, and ACC) revealed 91 genes that displayed at least threefold differential expression between the ACC cohort and both the NC and ACA cohorts at a significance level of P < 0.01. Included in these 91 genes were those known to be up-regulated in adrenocortical tumors, such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF2), as well as novel differentially expressed genes such as osteopontin (SPP) and serine threonine kinase 15 (STK15). Increased expression of IGF2 was identified in 10 of 11 ACCs (90.9%) and was verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Select proliferation-related genes (TOP2A and Ki-67) were validated at the protein level using immunohistochemistry and adrenocortical tissue microarrays. Our results demonstrated significant and consistent gene expression changes in ACCs compared to benign adrenocortical lesions. Moreover, we identified several genes that represent potential diagnostic markers and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ACC.

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ACAs and ACCs have distinct expression profiles.
“ACAs and ACCs have distinct expression profiles (174, 190–192).”
From Adrenocortical carcinoma (2014) · cites this paper as [174]
80% to 90% of all ACCs show very high IGF2 expression (∼100-fold over normal and ACA).
“80% to 90% of all ACCs show very high IGF2 expression (∼100-fold over normal and ACA) (174, 218–220).”
From Adrenocortical carcinoma (2014) · cites this paper as [174]
Gene expression profiling studies revealed overexpression of β-catenin target genes such as ENC1 in ACCs.
“Moreover, gene expression profiling studies revealed overexpression of β-catenin target genes such as ENC1, suggesting a role of active β-catenin signaling in ACCs (174).”
From Adrenocortical carcinoma (2014) · cites this paper as [174]

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Authors: Giordano, T. J., Thomas, D. G., Kuick, R., Lizyness, M., Misek, D. E., Smith, A. L., Sanders, D., Aljundi, R. T., Gauger, P. G., Thompson, N. W., Taylor, J. M. G., & Hanash, S. M.
Affiliations: Michigan Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Giordano, Thomas J.
ORCID: Giordano, Thomas J.
Thomas, Dafydd G.
Kuick, Rork
Misek, David E.
Taylor, Jeremy M.G.
Hanash, Samir M.
Venue: The American Journal of Pathology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-02
Volume: 162
Issue: 2
Pages: 521-531
ISSN: 0002-9440 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63846-1
PMC: PMC1851158
OpenAlex: W2098165008
Cited by: 383
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 16.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal Of Pathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Michigan
National Institutes of Health (5u24dk058771-03)
U.S. Public Health Service (46952, 84952)
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 58771)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
Keywords: adrenocortical carcinoma, adrenal adenoma, macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, gene expression profiling, differential gene expression, insulin-like growth factor II, osteopontin, STK15, TOP2A, Ki-67, diagnostic biomarkers, adrenal cortex, carcinogenesis
MeSH terms: Adenoma, Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Adult, Carcinoma, Female, Humans, Hyperplasia, Insulin-Like Growth Factor II, Male, Reference Values, Transcription, Genetic, Reproducibility of Results, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling

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Distinct transcriptional profiles of adrenocortical tumors uncovered by DNA microarray analysis

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