Psilocybin – Summary of knowledge and new perspectives
Abstract
Psilocybin, a psychoactive alkaloid contained in hallucinogenic mushrooms, is nowadays given a lot of attention in the scientific community as a research tool for modeling psychosis as well as due to its potential therapeutic effects. However, it is also a very popular and frequently abused natural hallucinogen. This review summarizes all the past and recent knowledge on psilocybin. It briefly deals with its history, discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and compares its action in humans and animals. It attempts to describe the mechanism of psychedelic effects and objectify its action using modern imaging and psychometric methods. Finally, it describes its therapeutic and abuse potential.
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Serotonergic psychedelics present very low long-term toxicity.
“These compounds present very low long-term toxicity [9, 10]”
Psilocybin is a serotonergic classic psychedelic that has been examined in combination with psychological support as a promising treatment option in clinical trials for various disorders.
“Psilocybin (4-phosphryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a serotonergic classic psychedelic (19–25) that has been examined in combination with psychological support as a promising treatment option in clinical trials for various disorders (26–28).”
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“These compounds present very low long-term toxicity [9, 10], are not associated with addiction [9, 11, 12] and have shown a favorable safety profile when used in clinical settings under therapeutic supervision [13].”
BackgroundChing, T. H. W., Stahnke, B., Shnayder, S., Agin-Liebes, G., Adams, T. G., Amoroso, L., Baiz, O., Belser, A., Bohner, C., Burke, M., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1726818 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tylš, F., Páleníček, T., & Horáček, J.
- Affiliations
- Charles University (CZ)
- Corresponding author
- Tylš, Filip
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 342-356
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2092517056
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- IGA MHCR (NT/13897)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Keywords
- psilocybin, hallucinogenic mushrooms, psychedelics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Hallucinogens, Humans, Psilocybin, Substance-Related Disorders
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