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How do immune cells overcome the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?
Open accessAbstract
The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the movement of soluble mediators and leukocytes from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). Leukocyte entry into the CNS is nonetheless an early event in multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder of the CNS. Whether BBB dysfunction precedes immune cell infiltration or is the consequence of perivascular leukocyte accumulation remains enigmatic, but leukocyte migration modifies BBB permeability. Immune cells of MS subjects express inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes that can facilitate their migration to the CNS by influencing BBB function, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we describe how immune cells from the peripheral blood overcome the BBB and promote CNS inflammation in MS through BBB disruption.
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“Previous studies showed that systemic inflammation contributes to the disease progression and the activation of immune cells allows the infiltration of T and B cells into the CNS, promoting the release of chemokines that in turn stimulate the migration of more immune cells, leading to BBB disruption (Holman et al., 2011; Kooij et al., 2011; Larochelle et al., 2011; Willis, 2011).”
From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as Larochelle et al., 2011
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Metadata
- Authors
- Larochelle, C., Alvarez, J. I., & Prat, A.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Notre-Dame (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Prat, Alexandre
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-05-04
- Volume
- 585
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 3770-3780
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2007217012
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 222
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP89885, MOP14828)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, blood-brain barrier, leukocyte migration, immune cell infiltration, blood-brain barrier permeability, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammation, BBB dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Movement, Humans, Lymphocytes, Multiple Sclerosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Matrix Metalloproteinases
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