Implicit perceptual training: how, when, and why?
Open accessAbstract
The perceptual skills underlying anticipatory movement in sport have been the focus of much research over the past 20 years. Methods for training such skills have tended to emphasise explicit specification of discriminative cues and the rules linking changes in the perceptual field with required responses. Recently, researchers have begun to examine less prescriptive methods of training. In the present paper, we examine conceptual, methodological, and practical issues associated with whether such skills can or indeed should be trained implicitly. The implications of two ways of conceptualising the explicit-implicit distinction for the methods used to promote implicit learning and the tests used to assess the nature of learning are considered. Finally, potential advantages of implicitly learned skills relating to task complexity and robustness under stress are discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Implicit coordination of movement solutions and implicit learning processes, which have been shown to enhance robustness of skills under performance pressure, may be enhanced.
“Consequently, implicit coordination of movement solutions and implicit learning processes, which have been shown to enhance robustness of skills under performance pressure, may be enhanced (Jackson and Farrow, 2005; Panchuk et al., 2014).”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Jackson and Farrow, 2005
Cites
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935 · see citing works
Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer
Dreyfus, H. L., Drey-fus, S. E., & Zadeh, L. A. (1987) · IEEE Expert · doi:10.1109/mex.1987.4307079 · Cited by 3,172 · see citing works
Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures
Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(87)90002-8 · Cited by 2,966 · see citing works
EXPERT AND EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE: Evidence of Maximal Adaptation to Task Constraints
Ericsson, K. A., & Lehmann, A. C. (1996) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.273 · Cited by 2,139 · see citing works
Implicit learning of artificial grammars
Reber, A. (1967) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80149-x · Cited by 1,911 · see citing works
Masters, R. S. W. (1992) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure?
Beilock, S. L., & Carr, T. H. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.701 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035032 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Perceptual learning: Differentiation or enrichment?
Gibson, J. J., & Gibson, E. J. (1955) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0048826 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Goldstone, R. L. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.585 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Beilock, S. L., Carr, T. H., MacMahon, C., & Starkes, J. L. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.8.1.6 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
On the Relationship between Task Performance and Associated Verbalizable Knowledge
Berry, D. C., & Broadbent, D. E. (1984) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748408402156 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Implicit learning: news from the front
Cleeremans, A., Destrebecqz, A., & Boyer, M. (1998) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01232-7 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Distinguishing conscious from unconscious perceptual processes.
Cheesman, J., & Merikle, P. M. (1986) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0080103 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Using direct and indirect measures to study perception without awareness
Reingold, E. M., & Merikle, P. M. (1988) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03207490 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Visual Search Strategy, Selective Attention, and Expertise in Soccer
Williams, A. M., & Davids, K. (1998) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607677 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Synthetic grammar learning: Implicit rule abstraction or explicit fragmentary knowledge?
Perruchet, P., & Pacteau, C. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.119.3.264 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Implicit learning of synthetic languages: The role of instructional set.
Reber, A. S. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.2.1.88 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Implicit Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Issues
Berry, D. C., & Dienes, Z. P. (1993) · Figshare · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Stadler, M. A., & Frensch, P. A. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 483 · see citing works
From implicit skills to explicit knowledge: a bottom-up model of skill learning
Sun, R., Merrill, E. C., & PETERSON, T. (2001) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(01)00035-0 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Ward, P., & Williams, A. M. (2003) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.25.1.93 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Gray, R. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.10.1.42 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Perceptual skill in soccer: Implications for talent identification and development
Williams, A. M. (2000) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410050120113 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Anticipation skill in a real-world task: Measurement, training, and transfer in tennis.
Williams, A. M., Ward, P., Knowles, J. M., & Smeeton, N. J. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037//1076-898x.8.4.259 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Biederman, I., & Shiffrar, M. M. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.13.4.640 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer
Zadeh, L. A. (1987) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/0167-739x(87)90008-2 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
The interaction of the explicit and the implicit in skill learning: a dual-process approach
Sun, R., Slusarz, P., & Terry, C. (2005) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.159 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Two modes of learning for interactive tasks
Hayes, N. A., & Broadbent, D. E. (1988) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90015-7 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Expert-Novice Differences in an Applied Selective Attention Task
Abernethy, B., & Russell, D. G. (1987) · Journal of Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsp.9.4.326 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Expertise and the Perception of Kinematic and Situational Probability Information
Abernethy, B., Gill, D. P., Parks, S., & Packer, S. T. (2001) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p2872 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
On the relationship between implicit and explicit modes in the learning of a complex rule structure.
Reber, A. S., Kassin, S. M., Lewis, S., & Cantor, G. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.6.5.492 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Implicit learning: Below the subjective threshold
Dienes, Z. P., & Berry, D. C. (1997) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210769 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes
Mori, S., Ohtani, Y., & Imanaka, K. (2002) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(02)00103-3 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Expertise, Visual Search, and Information Pick-up in Squash
Abernethy, B. (1990) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p190063 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Knowledge and conscious control of motor actions under stress
Hardy, L., Mullen, R., & Jones, G. (1996) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02612.x · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Implicit and explicit knowledge bases in artificial grammar learning.
Dienes, Z. P., Broadbent, D. E., & Berry, D. C. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.17.5.875 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The role of working memory in motor learning and performance
Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., & Eves, F. F. (2003) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00005-9 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video based perceptual training?
Farrow, D., & Abernethy, B. (2002) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410252925143 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationFast perceptual learning in hyperacuity
Fahle, M. W., Edelman, S., & Poggio, T. (1995) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(95)00044-z · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Stadler, M. A., & Frensch, P. A. (1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-5368 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
From novice to no know-how: A longitudinal study of implicit motor learning
Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., & Eves, F. F. (2000) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/026404100365180 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Anticipation in squash: Differences in advance cue utilization between expert and novice players
Abernethy, B. (1990) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640419008732128 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Goulet, C., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1989) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.11.4.382 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Ripoll, H., Kerlirzin, Y., Stein, J.-F., & Reine, B. (1995) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/0167-9457(95)00019-o · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Visual search strategies and decision-making in sport.
Abernethy, B. (1991) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Two distinct modes of control for object-directed action
Goodale, M. A., Westwood, D. A., & Milner, A. D. (2004) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)14409-3 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF SELF‐GENERATED RULES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHEDULE‐CONTROLLED BEHAVIOR
Rosenfarb, I. S., Newland, M. C., Brannon, S. E., & Howey, D. S. (1992) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1992.58-107 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The Relative Effectiveness of Various Instructional Approaches in Developing Anticipation Skill.
Smeeton, N. J., Williams, A. M., Hodges, N. J., & Ward, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.11.2.98 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Horswill, M. S., Waylen, A. E., & Tofield, M. I. (2004) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02543.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Training perceptual skill in sport.
Williams, A. M., & Grant, A. (1999) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Use of advance cues in predicting the flight of a lawn tennis ball
Jones, C. M., & Miles, T. (1978) · Journal of human movement studies · Cited by 169 · see citing works
One concept, multiple meanings: On how to define the concept of implicit learning.
Frensch, P. A. (1998) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Knowledge is More than We Can Talk about: Implicit Learning in Motor Skill Acquisition
Magill, R. A. (1998) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607676 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Snowden, P., DAVIES, I. R. L., & Roling, P. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.26.1.379 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Expert perception and decision making in baseball.
Paull, G. C., & Glencross, D. J. (1997) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Singer, R. N., Cauraugh, J. H., Chen, D., Steinberg, G. M., & Frehlich, S. G. (1996) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413209608406305 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Training Perceptual Skill in Field Hockey: Is There Transfer from the Laboratory to the Field?
Williams, A. M., Ward, P., & Chapman, C. (2003) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2003.10609068 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
HUMAN OPERANT PERFORMANCE: SENSITIVITY AND PSEUDOSENSITIVITY TO CONTINGENCIES
Shimoff, E. H., Matthews, B. A., & Catania, A. C. (1986) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1986.46-149 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Howard, D. V., & Howard, J. H. (2001) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196220 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Perceptual manifestations of an analytic structure: The priority of holistic individuation.
Regehr, G., & Brooks, L. R. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.122.1.92 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Perceptual manifestations of an analytic structure: The priority of holistic individuation.
Regehr, G., & Brooks, L. R. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.1.92 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Gaze characteristics of elite and near-elite athletes in ice hockey defensive tactics
Martell, S. G., & Vickers, J. N. (2004) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2004.02.004 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Can the Anticipatory Skills of Experts Be Learned by Novices?
Abernethy, B., Wood, J. M., & Parks, S. L. (1999) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1999.10608050 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Transfer and Complexity in Artificial Grammar Learning
Gómez, R. L. (1997) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1997.0654 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The effect of video-based perceptual training on the tennis return of serve.
Farrow, D., Chivers, P., Hardingham, C., & Sachse, S. (1998) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvance cue utilisation by skilled cricket batsmen
Abernethy, B., & Russell, D. (1984) · Australian journal of science · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Anticipation in sport: A review
Abernethy, B. (1986) · Cited by 98 · see citing works
An Assessment of the Efficacy of Sports Vision Training Programs
Wood, J. M., & Abernethy, B. (1997) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1997.tb04776.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Assumptions of subjective measures of unconscious mental states: higher order thoughts and bias
Dienes, Z. P. (2004) · Figshare · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Svartdal, F. (1992) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(92)90003-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Effects of Age and Expertise upon Perceptual Skill Development in a Racquet Sport
Abernethy, B. (1988) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1988.10605506 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Rowe, R., & MCKENNA, F. P. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037//1076-898x.7.1.60 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Training Mental Quickness in Beginning/Intermediate Tennis Players
Singer, R. N., Cauraugh, J. H., Chen, D., Steinberg, G. M., Frehlich, S. G., & Wang, L. (1994) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.8.3.305 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Two Forms of Sequential Implicit Learning
Seger, C. A. (1997) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1006/ccog.1996.0285 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Toward a theory of implicit learning in the perceptual-motor domain.
Beek, P. J. (2000) · VU Research Portal · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Theoretical aspects of implicit learning in sport
Masters, R. (2000) · The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Training Anticipation for Intermediate Tennis Players
Scott, D. M., Scott, L. M., & Howe, B. L. (1998) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455980223002 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The effect of learning condition on perceptual anticipation, awareness, and visual search
Poulter, D. R., Jackson, R. C., Wann, J. P., & Berry, D. C. (2005) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2005.06.005 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationImplicit Sequence Learning with Competing Explicit Cues
Jiménez, L., & Paz, C. M. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755964 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Buchner, A., Funke, J., & Berry, D. C. (1995) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749508401383 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Distinguishing implicit and explicit learning
Stadler, M. A. (1997) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210774 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The effects of secondary tasks on implicit motor skill performance
Macmahon, K., & Masters, R. S. W. (2002) · The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Attention Distribution and Decision Making in Tactical Air Combat
Endsley, M. R., & Smith, R. P. (1996) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089606380205 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Speeded tests of implicit knowledge.
Turner, C. W., & Fischler, I. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.19.5.1165 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of learning contexts on implicit and explicit learning
Lee, Y. (1995) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03200925 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Implicit and Explicit Learning of Decision Making in Sports is Effected by Complexity of Situation.
Raab, M. (2003) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reber, A. S. (1997) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210773 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Jackson, R. C. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000101818 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationA field examination of anticipation in squash
Howarth, C., Walsh, W. D., Abernethy, B., & Snyder, C. (1984) · Australian journal of science · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 91 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Anticipation skill and susceptibility to deceptive movement
Jackson, R. C., Warren, S., & Abernethy, B. (2006) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.02.002 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationAttentional Focus, Dispositional Reinvestment, and Skilled Motor Performance under Pressure
Jackson, R. C., Ashford, K. J., & Norsworthy, G. (2006) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.28.1.49 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing video simulations and virtual reality to improve decision-making skills in basketball
Pagé, C., Bernier, P., & Trempe, M. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1638193 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Pay attention! A review of visual attentional expertise in sport
Memmert, D. (2009) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840802641372 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Expertise and Attunement to Kinematic Constraints
Abernethy, B., Zawi, M. K., & Jackson, R. C. (2005) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p5340 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationOtte, F. W., Davids, K., Millar, S., & Klatt, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01444 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Attentional Processes in Skill Learning and Expert Performance
Abernethy, B., Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., van der Kamp, J., & Jackson, R. C. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch11 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation(2009) · NIE Digital Repository (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University) · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Advance Visual Information, Awareness, and Anticipation Skill
Jackson, R. C., & Mogan, P. (2007) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.3200/jmbr.39.5.341-352 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationMoy, B., Renshaw, I., & Davids, K. (2015) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2015.1072506 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Training Perceptual Skill by Orienting Visual Attention
Hagemann, N., Strauß, B., & Cañal‐Bruland, R. (2006) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.28.2.143 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Development of a New Test of Agility for Rugby League
Serpell, B. G., Ford, M., & YOUNG, W. B. (2010) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b60430 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Skill acquisition in tennis: Research and current practice
Reid, M. M., Crespo, M., Lay, B. S., & Berry, J. (2006) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.011 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Abernethy, B., Schorer, J., Jackson, R. C., & Hagemann, N. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/a0028452 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationAre the Perceptual and Decision-Making Components of Agility Trainable? A Preliminary Investigation
Serpell, B. G., YOUNG, W. B., & Ford, M. (2010) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d682e6 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Effects of Different Visual Stimuli on Postures and Knee Moments during Sidestepping
Lee, M. J. C., Lloyd, D. G., Lay, B. S., Bourke, P. D., & Alderson, J. A. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318290c28a · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Otte, F. W., Millar, S.-K., & Klatt, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00061 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Consequently, implicit coordination of movement solutions and implicit learning processes, which have been shown to enhance robustness of skills under performance pressure, may be enhanced (Jackson and Farrow, 2005; Panchuk et al., 2014).”
BackgroundUsing perceptual home-training to improve anticipation skills of soccer goalkeepers
Murgia, M., Sors, F., Muroni, A. F., Santoro, I., Prpić, V., Galmonte, A., & Agostini, T. (2014) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Chronic ankle instability affects learning rate during repeated proprioception testing
Witchalls, J. B., Waddington, G. S., Adams, R. D., & BLANCH, P. D. (2013) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.04.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Embodied Cognition With and Without Mental Representations: The Case of Embodied Choices in Sports
Raab, M., & Araújo, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01825 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gredin, N. V., Bishop, D. T., WILLIAMS, A. M., & Broadbent, D. P. (2020) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2020.1855667 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Witchalls, J. B., Waddington, G. S., BLANCH, P. D., & Adams, R. D. (2012) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-47.6.12 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Moy, B., Renshaw, I., & Davids, K. (2013) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2013.780591 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Top 10 Research Questions Related to Teaching Games for Understanding
Memmert, D., Almond, L., Bunker, D., Butler, J. I., Fasold, F., Griffin, L. L., Hillmann, W., Hüttermann, S., Klein-Soetebier, T., König, S., et al. (2015) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1087294 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nonlinear Pedagogy Underpins Intrinsic Motivation in Sports Coaching
Renshaw, I. (2012) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x01205010088 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Krause, L., Farrow, D., Reid, M., Buszard, T., & Pinder, R. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1374684 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, R., Zheng, M., Liu, S., Jia, G., & Cao, C. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14100919 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Implicit learning as a means to intuitive decision making in sports.
Raab, M., & Johnson, J. G. (2008) · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Gorman, A. D., & Farrow, D. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795409788549526 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain regions concerned with perceptual skills in tennis: An fMRI study
Wright, M. J., & Jackson, R. C. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.018 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring the Merits of Perceptual Anticipation in the Soccer Penalty Kick
van der Kamp, J. (2011) · Motor Control · doi:10.1123/mcj.15.3.342 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Moy, B., Renshaw, I., Davids, K., & Brymer, E. (2015) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2015.1017455 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gaze-contingent training enhances perceptual skill acquisition
Ryu, D., Mann, D. L., Abernethy, B., & Poolton, J. (2016) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/16.2.2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Does training with 3D videos improve decision-making in team invasion sports?
Hohmann, T., Obelöer, H., Schlapkohl, N., & Raab, M. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1069380 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Gu, Q., Shuo, Z., & Mao, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.945067 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A meta-analysis on immediate effects of attentional focus on motor tasks performance
Nicklas, A., Rein, R., Noël, B., & Klatt, S. (2022) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2022.2062678 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Discovery learning in sports: Implicit or explicit processes?
Raab, M., Masters, R. S. W., Maxwell, J. P., Arnold, A., Schlapkohl, N., & Poolton, J. (2009) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2009.9671917 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Identifying swimmers as water-polo or swim team-mates from visual displays of less than one second
Steel, K. A., Adams, R. D., & Canning, C. G. (2007) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410601021721 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Magnaguagno, L., & Hossner, E.-J. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1774142 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Conditions of Practice in Perceptual Skill Learning
Memmert, D., Hagemann, N., Althoetmar, R., Geppert, S., & Seiler, D. (2009) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599527 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Auditory Training and Adult Rehabilitation: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Bronus, K., Refaie, A. E., & Pryce, H. (2011) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v3n1p49 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Basketball videos presented on a computer screen appear slower than in virtual reality
Richard, G., Carriere, J. S. A., & Trempe, M. (2022) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-022-01100-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A review of the essential visual skills required for soccer: Beyond 20–20 optometry
Millard, L., Breukelman, G. J., Mathe, N., Shaw, I., & Shaw, B. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.965195 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lola, A. C., & Tzetzis, G. C. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1877325 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Magnaguagno, L., Zahno, S., Kredel, R., & Hossner, E.-J. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102109 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Abernethy, B., Maxwell, J. P., Jackson, R. C., & Masters, R. S. W. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713181.ch13 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceptual training to increase drivers’ ability to spot motorcycles at T-junctions
Crundall, D. E., Howard, A., & Young, A. H. (2017) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2017.05.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Visual Search Differs But Not Reaction Time When Intercepting a 3D Versus 2D Videoed Opponent
Lee, M. J. C., Tidman, S. J., Lay, B. S., Bourke, P. D., Lloyd, D. G., & Alderson, J. A. (2013) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2012.760512 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Seeing the Bigger Picture: Susceptibility to, and Detection of, Deception
Warren-Westgate, L. S., & Jackson, R. C. (2020) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2020-0040 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationLevy, N. K., Shavitzky-Golkin, S., Borowsky, A., & Vakil, E. (2018) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2018.09.021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Role of Verbal Instruction and Visual Guidance in Training Pattern Recognition
North, J. S., Hope, E., & Williams, A. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01473 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sport-specific video-based reactive agility training in rugby union players
Engelbrecht, L. (2011) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
IDENTIFYING RUNNERS AS FOOTBALL TEAMMATES FROM 400 MSEC. VIDEO CLIPS
Steel, K. A., Adams, R. D., & Canning, C. G. (2006) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.103.3.901-911 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Unenaka, S., Ikudome, S., Mori, S., & Nakamoto, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01262 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Virtual Reality Audio Game for Entertainment and Sound Localization Training
Gilberto, L. G., Bermejo, F. R., Tommasini, F. C., & Bauza, C. G. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Applied Perception · doi:10.1145/3676557 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Navarro, M., Miyamoto, N., van der Kamp, J., Morya, E., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Ranvaud, R. (2013) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.03.004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Guiding Visual Attention in Decision Making—Verbal Instructions Versus Flicker Cueing
Cañal‐Bruland, R. (2009) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599572 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Auditory Training and Adult Rehabilitation: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Bronus, K., Refaie, A. E., & Pryce, H. (2011) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v3n149 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
He, H., Wang, J., Ren, P., Miao, H., & Chi, L. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102819 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Identifying Clinical Behaviors Using the Motor Learning Classification Framework: A Pilot Study
Russell, R., McCabe, P., Heard, R., Hodges, N. J., Nguyên, D. D., & Madill, C. (2021) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.12.031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
L’entraînement cognitivo-perceptif basé sur la vidéo et ses modes d’instructions
Milazzo, N., Bernier, M., Rosnet, É., Farrow, D., & Fournier, J. (2016) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2015.07.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMemmert, D., Klatt, S., Mann, D. L., & Kreitz, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-03921-8_2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The role of deliberation in intuitive decision-making in sports
Seidel-Marzi, O., Williams, A. M., & Cañal‐Bruland, R. (2024) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2024.2422847 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Development of Motor and Perceptual Skills in Young Athletes
Lola, A. C., & Tzetzis, G. C. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.99245 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Expertise and training of anticipation in goalkeeping: Two scoping reviews
Huesmann, K., Schorer, J., Büsch, D., & Loffing, F. (2025) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2025.2533002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jia, Y., Zhou, X., Tang, Y., Li, Q., Wang, J., & Quan, F. (2025) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125251375200 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Magnaguagno, L., & Charbonnet, B. (2025) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2025.2487021 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Moreira, P. E. D., & Praça, G. M. (2025) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2025.2532999 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wadhwa, G. (2018) · International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy · doi:10.11648/j.ijnpt.20180401.12 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sleep facilitates anticipation training of a handball goalkeeping task in novices
Schorer, J., Heibült, N., Wilson, S., & Loffing, F. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101841 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The kinematics of false intent Conveyed by deceptive sidestep actions
Warren-Westgate, L. S., Jackson, R. C., & Hiley, M. J. (2024) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102695 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMoy, B., & Gorman, A. D. (2025) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2025.2606036 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Moya-Vergara, F., Curotto-Berruezo, D., Valladares-Arellano, P., Ardiles, E. A., Esteve, T. V., & Manso, J. M. G. (2019) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2019.1691814 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lola, A. C., Votsis, E., Tzetzis, G. C., & Chatzopoulos, D. (2021) · Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.18276/cej.2021.3-08 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Faquin, B. S., Teixeira, L. A., Cândido, C. R. C., Arias, R. L. B., & Okazaki, V. H. A. (2024) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.13245 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Magnaguagno, L., Zahno, S., & Hossner, E.-J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318994 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Unraveling a Progressive Inquiry Script in Persistent Virtual Worlds
Πέλλας, Ν. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8619-9.ch029 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Page, J. L. (2024) · ChesterRep (University of Chester) · doi:10.17638/03181639 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Valkoumas, I., & Gourgoulis, V. (2025) · Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.18276/cej.2025.1-06 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lee, J. C. M. (2011) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity
NIELSEN, H. G. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.95675 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sportspiele – Leistungsfaktoren
Memmert, D., Büsch, D., Dicks, M., Furley, P., Gronwald, T., Hagemann, N., Loffing, F., Noël, B., & Plessner, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64695-3_19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Review of the Essential Visual Skills Required for Netball: Beyond 20-20 Optometry
Mathe, N., Millard, L., Breukelman, G. J., & Mathunjwa, M. L. (2023) · Annals of Applied Sport Science · doi:10.61186/aassjournal.1179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit im Sport
Memmert, D., Klatt, S. M., & Kreitz, C. (2019) · Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-56802-6_2
Cue utilisation is partially related to performance on an urban operations course but not experience
Cooper, D., Wiggins, M. W., Main, L. C., WILLS, J. A., & Doyle, T. L. A. (2023) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104024 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The role of dispositional reinvestment in choking during decision-making tasks in sport
Kinrade, N. P. (2010) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Teaching against the grain: Learning designs for evolving physical education practice
Moy, B. (2016) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.98195 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Holding, R. (2014) · Cross Connect (Southern Cross University)
Priming motor-visual skills for football: an assessment of the 4-ball method
Lamche, T. (2012) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
The Effect of Implicit and Explicit Learning on the Performance of a Golf-putting Task
Suh, Y.-T., 유성종, & Kim, S. (2009) · 한국특수체육학회지 · doi:10.17006/kjapa.2009.17.3.1
Reducing ACL injury risk by standing still with zero impact perceptual (ZIP) training!
Tidman, S. J., Brierty, A., Bourke, P. D., Lay, B. S., & Alderson, J. A. (2014) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.116
REDUCING ACL INJURY RISK BY STANDING STILL WITH ZERO IMPACT PERCEPTUAL (ZIP) TRAINING
Tidman, S. J., Lay, B. S., Brierty, A., Bourke, P. D., & Alderson, J. A. (2016) · ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive
Unraveling a Progressive Inquiry Script in Persistent Virtual Worlds
Πέλλας, Ν. (2014) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6599-6.ch012
Salcedo, J. N. (2014) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Pattern Recognition and Anticipation Expertise in Soccer
Hope, E. (2016) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00004102
Lee, M., & Chong, D. Y. R. (2018) · ISBS Proceedings Archive
Investigating on-field decision making in rugby union
Sherwood, S. (2020) · Research Commons (University of Waikato)
Lee, M., Jl, J. L., & Aziz, L. (2020) · ISBS Proceedings Archive
- Authors
- Jackson, R. C., & Farrow, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Australian Sports Commission (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jackson, R.C.
- Venue
- Human Movement Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 308-325
- ISSN
- 0167-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079430450
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.lboro.ac.uk
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Human Movement Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
- Keywords
- implicit learning, perceptual training, anticipatory movements, sports skills, perceptual cues, task complexity, skill assessment
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Humans, Perception, Professional Competence, Teaching
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review