The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frosting model for predicting macroscopic and local frost behaviors on a cold plate
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In the citing paper
“Deposition should be more homogeneous within the frost layer as shown by experimental observations (Lee and Ro, 2005) or the CFD results (Kim et al., 2015).”
From Frosting modeling on a cold flat plate: Comparison of the different assumptions and impacts on frost growth predictions (2016) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“However, it is quite different than the one obtained using CFD by Kim et al. (2015) where the profile is quite constant within the frost layer and sharply decreasing close to the frost surface.”
From Frosting modeling on a cold flat plate: Comparison of the different assumptions and impacts on frost growth predictions (2016) · cites this paper as Kim et al. (2015)
In the citing paper
“Their simulations calculated the frost layer density and thickness separately starting from an initial frost layer.”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Kim et al. [23] assumed that the mass transfer at the frost surface occurs due to the water vapor concentration gradient and used the mass transfer rate per unit volume as a volumetric source or sink term to describe the mass transfer.”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Some frosting models have been coupled with multiphase flow models in CFD simulations [5,22,23].”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“For water vapor density, its gradient inside the frost layer near the plate surface was significantly smaller than that near the frost surface [50,80,86,88,90,91].”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
In the citing paper
“The frost density profile indicated that the frost density gradient inside the frost layer near the plate surface and frost surface were both significantly smaller than other regions within the frost layer [86,88].”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
Citations
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“[10] established a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model in which mass transfer occurs due to the gradient of the water vapour concentration at frost/air interface.”
BackgroundVariation of Frost Roughness on a Flat Plate Under Forced Convection
Tongxin, Z., O’Neal, D. L., & McClain, S. T. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications · doi:10.1115/1.4047570 · Cited by 7
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Li, S., Lin, B., Bai, X., Wei, P., Wang, L., & Zhang, R. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18020302 · Cited by 4
“Kim D [12] et al. also simulated the frost-layer growth based on the Eulerian multiphase flow model to simulate the frost-layer growth, and considered the water vapour concentration gradient on the frost-layer surface as the driving force of the frost-layer growth.”
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“Implementation of Boundary Conditions The following conditions are imposed at various domain boundaries for the primary variables (u, v, p, T and Y ) [12, 16, 22]: • Inlet: u, v, T and Y prescribed; ∂(2)p/∂n̂(2) = 0 where, n̂ denotes the unit normal and ∂/∂n̂ stands for ∇ • n̂.”
BackgroundMethodLiu, X., Wang, W., Yang, X., Liu, H., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Han, L., Liu, Q., Zhao, F., & Li, R. (2025) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127203 · Cited by 3
Recent advances in modelling of frost formation for mechanical systems
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“There are many innovative methods that treat the moving interfacial condition between the frost and air [22– 24 Kim et al. [23] present a three-zone numerical model, which defines air, crust and frost as three discretized zones.”
Gao, F., Song, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., & Zhang, X. (2025) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110410 · Cited by 3
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Liu, X., Dong, X., Yan, S., Hou, Y., & Lai, T. (2022) · Energy Storage and Saving · doi:10.1016/j.enss.2022.10.002 · Cited by 2
Experimental study on freezing process in a grooved heat pipe
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A real-time frost thickness prediction model via evaporator resistance identification
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A Numerical Investigation into Frost Formation under Impinging Flow Conditions
Saygin, A., Oksuz, E., Başol, A., & Arik, M. (2021) · Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems · doi:10.1109/itherm51669.2021.9503172 · Cited by 1
Numerical investigation of Ne pellet formation for EAST shattered pellet injection system
Li, L., Zuo, G., Yuan, J., Zhao, S. B., Zhang, D. H., Huang, M., & Hu, J. (2024) · Fusion Engineering and Design · doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114516 · Cited by 1
Shen, C., Liang, Y., Bo, W., Zhang, C., & Zhao, T. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18020437 · Cited by 1
“Under ground conditions, Kim et al. [1] adopted the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to predict the frosting situation on the surface of the cold plate and studied the influence of factors affecting the growth of the frost layer, such as the inlet flow velocity, relative humidity, and cold…”
Numerical simulation of frost growth and densification using deformable and static grids
Bartrons, E. (2018) · UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-123111
Xuan, C., Yang, Y., & Li, R. (2020) · Environmental science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9524-6_53
Study on The Effect of Different Plenum Chamber Coefficients on Frosting of Air-cooler
Liu, B., Shi, S., Liu, Y., Bennacer, R., Chen, A., & Theodorakis, P. E. (2021) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202132104019
Effect of Different Plenum-Chamber Coefficients on the Frosting of Air-Cooler
Liu, B., Shi, S., Liu, Y., Bennacer, R., Chen, A., & Theodorakis, P. E. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15020422
Data analysis of frost density formed on cooled surfaces
Koshelev, V. L., Иозапович, Е. А., & Koshelev, S. V. (2022) · Journal International Academy of Refrigeration · doi:10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-3-80-88
Characterization of Ice Deposition Rates in Cryogenic Vacuum Environment
Hasan, M., Veytia, N., Ahmad, M., Ibarra, E. R. , Choudhuri, A., & Rahman, M. M. (2024) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2024-2545
Study on Frost Layer Growth Characteristics of Finned Tube Evaporator Under Fast Flow ConditionsPreprint
Chen, Q., Yingying, Z. H. O. U., Lu, Y., Ji, J., & Liu, P. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4766826
Aksoy, A., & Özdemir, M. (2024) · Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part E, journal of process mechanical engineering · doi:10.1177/09544089241239605
“Kim et al. 28 de fi ned the fi rst stages of frosting as the hardest part of modelling like in many studies mentioned.”
Song, M., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95457-0.00009-5
Experimental study and machine learning prediction of frost characteristics on inclined cold plates
Guo, J., Gong, J., Jiang, Z., Wu, X., Huang, R., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12206-025-0137-1
Yu, S., Song, M., Zhang, L., & Liu, Z. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5417161
Superhydrophobic coatings for antifrosting
Zhang, L., Qi, R., Cai, R., & Dong, C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34195-3.00010-9
Yang, Z., Shi, F., Li, J., & Liu, S.-K. (2026) · Fluids · doi:10.3390/fluids11030074
Study of low temperature processes for non-reactive elimination of tars from the producer gas
Harb, R. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/431133d5ze9e6z46a0z8806z967ca3fb9a52
Numerical study of frost formation on an industrial food freezing system
Badri, D. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/18ef7f42z85f6z4cf0z901dzac4832053863
Jeong, J. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3dee01e3z6bf0z47b1zb468z9bcc2a4243b5 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, D., Kim, C., & Lee, K.-S.
- Affiliations
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Kwan-Soo
- Venue
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 82
- Pages
- 135-142
- ISSN
- 0017-9310 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067594704
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (publishedVersion)
- The Royal Society of Chemistry’s Journals, Books and Databases (The Royal Society of Chemistry) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2013R1A2A2A01067816)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Keywords
- frost formation, frost growth, cold plate, frost thickness, frost density, relative humidity, inlet velocity, computational fluid dynamics
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