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Recognition of Endogenous Nucleic Acids by the Innate Immune System
Open accessAbstract
Recognition of DNA and RNA by endosomal and cytosolic sensors constitutes a central element in the detection of microbial invaders by the innate immune system. However, the capacity of these sensors to discriminate between microbial and endogenous nucleic acids is limited. Over the past few years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that endogenous DNA or RNA species can engage nucleic-acid-sensing pattern-recognition receptors that can trigger or sustain detrimental pathology. Here, we review principles of how the activation of innate sensors by host nucleic acids is prevented in the steady state and discuss four important determinants of whether a nucleic-acid-driven innate response is mounted. These include structural features of the ligand being sensed, the subcellular location and quantity of pathogen-derived or endogenous nucleic acids, and the regulation of sensor-activation thresholds. Furthermore, we emphasize disease mechanisms initiated by failure to discriminate self from non-self in nucleic acid detection.
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“These degradation products are presumably produced by nucleases in the endosome shortly after the RNA is internalized (Roers et al. 2016).”
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Role of Extracellular RNA and TLR3‐Trif Signaling in Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
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Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS–STING signalling
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Metadata
- Authors
- Roers, A., Hiller, B., & Hornung, V.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- University Hospital Bonn (DE)
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hornung, Veit
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 739-754
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2340906209
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 5.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, autoinflammation, autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- DNA, Humans, Immunity, Innate, RNA, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Pattern Recognition
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