Recognition of Endogenous Nucleic Acids by the Innate Immune System
Open accessAbstract
Recognition of DNA and RNA by endosomal and cytosolic sensors constitutes a central element in the detection of microbial invaders by the innate immune system. However, the capacity of these sensors to discriminate between microbial and endogenous nucleic acids is limited. Over the past few years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that endogenous DNA or RNA species can engage nucleic-acid-sensing pattern-recognition receptors that can trigger or sustain detrimental pathology. Here, we review principles of how the activation of innate sensors by host nucleic acids is prevented in the steady state and discuss four important determinants of whether a nucleic-acid-driven innate response is mounted. These include structural features of the ligand being sensed, the subcellular location and quantity of pathogen-derived or endogenous nucleic acids, and the regulation of sensor-activation thresholds. Furthermore, we emphasize disease mechanisms initiated by failure to discriminate self from non-self in nucleic acid detection.
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- Authors
- Roers, A., Hiller, B., & Hornung, V.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- University Hospital Bonn (DE)
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hornung, Veit
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 739-754
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2340906209
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 5.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, autoinflammation, autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- DNA, Humans, Immunity, Innate, RNA, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Pattern Recognition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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