A survey of artemisinic and dihydroartemisinic acid contents in glasshouse and global field-grown populations of the artemisinin-producing plant Artemisia annua L.
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. is an annual shrub in the Asteraceae that is commercially grown and cropped in Southeast Asia, Africa, Madagascar and India for the antimalarial compound, artemisinin (ART). Demand for a stable supply chain to artemisinin combination therapies has driven forward complementary programs of crop improvement and microbially based semisynthesis to boost global ART production. Recently, photochemical flow-reactor technology has been developed and proposed as an additional input to the supply chain by converting either artemisinic acid (AA) or dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) to ART. These compounds are naturally present in A. annua but their content in available commercial lines is unclear. Since 2006 we have undertaken a program to improve A. annua ART yields using diverse germplasm and modern molecular breeding tools. Sesquiterpenoid extracts from eleven diverse populations with low to high ART contents grown under glasshouse conditions had population median AA or DHAA contents never exceeding 0.9% of leaf dry weight (DW), but ART achieved a maximum median value of 1.5% DW. We also field-trialed 280 distinct lines selected for high ART content including controls, locally grown commercial lines and test hybrids in the major global growing regions over 2010–2011. The trend was for ART to exceed AA or DHAA and content never exceeded 1.6% DW for any compound. These results indicate that currently grown A. annua lines are poor sources of AA and DHAA relative to ART. However, a glasshouse-based forward-screen of over 14,000 individuals from a mutagenized population suggested that increased DHAA yields may be achievable.
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Modern molecular breeding has succeeded in improving A. annua, creating hybrids reaching artemisinin yields of 1.4% dry leaf biomass in commercial field trials.
“modern molecular breeding has succeeded in improving A. annua (19), creating hybrids reaching artemisinin yields of 1.4% dry leaf biomass in commercial field trials (20)”
From <i>Artemisia annua</i> mutant impaired in artemisinin synthesis demonstrates importance of nonenzymatic conversion in terpenoid metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Larson, T. R., Branigan, C., Harvey, D., Penfield, T., Bowles, D., & Graham, I. A.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Graham, Ian A.
- Venue
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 45
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 0926-6690 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007134094
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Industrial Crops and Products (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Keywords
- Artemisia annua, artemisinin, artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid, sesquiterpenes, germplasm screening, hybrid lines, glasshouse cultivation
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