Adaptive n-back training does not improve fluid intelligence at the construct level: Gains on individual tests suggest that training may enhance visuospatial processing
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Other studies demonstrated improvement in near-transfer tasks although no improvement in far transfer.
“Other studies demonstrated improvement in near-transfer tasks although no improvement in far transfer [6,8,10,12,15].”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
Studies reporting performance gains in digit span and reading span after dual n-back training suggest that training increases ability on untrained, closely related tasks (near transfer effects).
“Studies reporting performance gains in tasks such as digit span and reading span [6–8, 10,12] after dual n-back training suggest that training increases ability not only on the trained task (i.e., practice effects), but also on untrained, closely related tasks (near transfer effects).”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
Dual n-back working memory training has been associated with improvement on similar dual n-back tasks, other tasks of working memory, and fluid intelligence.
“Dual n-back working memory training has been associated with improvement on similar dual n-back tasks, other tasks of working memory, and the broader construct of fluid intelligence [5–18]”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
Effects of dual n-back training were not previously investigated in a middle age-range sample.
“Although near and far transfer effects, albeit mixed, have been demonstrated after dual n-back training in younger (e.g., under 30) and older (e.g., over 60) age groups [5–12,15,17,18] effects were not previously investigated in a middle age-range sample.”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
Near and far transfer effects, albeit mixed, have been demonstrated after dual n-back training in younger (e.g., under 30) and older (e.g., over 60) age groups.
“Although near and far transfer effects, albeit mixed, have been demonstrated after dual n-back training in younger (e.g., under 30) and older (e.g., over 60) age groups [5–12,15,17,18] effects were not previously investigated in a middle age-range sample.”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
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Self-citationWorking memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies
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“…mixed results (Brehmer, Westerberg, Bäckman, 2012; Bürki, Ludwig, Chicherio, & De Ribaupierre, 2014; Bäckman et al., 2011; Chooi & Thompson, 2012; Colom et al., 2013; Dahlin, Neely, Larsson, Bäckman, & Nyberg, 2008; Jaeggi et al., Electronic supplementary material The online version of this…”
Does Working Memory Training Transfer? A Meta-Analysis Including Training Conditions as Moderators
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“Every two training sessions participants were to complete a motivation questionnaire (Alonso-Tapia and de la Red Fadrique, 2007; Colom et al., 2013) in which they were asked for their: (i) involvement in the program; (ii) perceived difficulty of the activity levels; (iii) perceived challenge of…”
BackgroundA simultaneous examination of two forms of working memory training: Evidence for near transfer only
Minear, M., Brasher, F., Guerrero, C. B., Brasher, M., Moore, A., & Sukeena, J. (2016) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0616-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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N-back Versus Complex Span Working Memory Training
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“Other studies demonstrated improvement in near-transfer tasks although no improvement in far transfer [6,8,10,12,15].”
ResultExploring <i>N</i> -Back Cognitive Training for Children With ADHD
Jones, M. R., Katz, B., Buschkuehl, M., Jaeggi, S. M., & Shah, P. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718779230 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“, 2017), as well as limited transfer to verbal domains in general (Au et al., 2015; Buschkuehl et al., 2008; Colom et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDivergent Research Methods Limit Understanding of Working Memory Training
Pergher, V., Shalchy, M. A., Pahor, A., Van Hulle, M. M., Jaeggi, S. M., & Seitz, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-019-00134-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationTransfer after working memory updating training
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Validation of a matrix reasoning task for mobile devices
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Self-citationPattern of Near Transfer Effects Following Working Memory Training With a Dual <i>N</i>-Back Task
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“According to the findings of neurologists, the scores obtained in intelligence tests are related to functional characteristics of the brain [23-25].”
BackgroundThe asymmetry of working memory training transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fu, J., Zhou, Y., Yuan, M., & Cai, Y. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-026-02994-5
- Authors
- Colom, R., Román, F. J., Abad, F. J., Shih, P. C., Privado, J., Froufe, M., Escorial, S., Martínez, K., Burgaleta, M., Quiroga, M. A., Karama, S., Haier, R. J., Thompson, P. M., & Jaeggi, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Colom, Roberto
- ORCID
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 712-727
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045747555
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13
- FWCI
- 17.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- public-domain
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (PSI2010-20364, BES-2011-043527)
- Ministerio de Educación, Spain (AP2008-00433)
- Alianza 4 Universidades (A4U-4-2011)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- n-back task, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, working memory capacity, attentional control, visuospatial processing, general intelligence, transfer of training, verbal intelligence
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