Amygdala habituation and prefrontal functional connectivity in youth with autism spectrum disorders
Open accessAbstract
Objective Amygdala habituation, the rapid decrease in amygdala responsiveness to the repeated presentation of stimuli, is fundamental to the nervous system. Habituation is important for maintaining adaptive levels of arousal to predictable social stimuli and decreased habituation is associated with heightened anxiety. Input from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) regulates amygdala activity. Although previous research has shown abnormal amygdala function in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), no study has examined amygdala habituation in a young sample or whether habituation is related to amygdala connectivity with the vmPFC.Method Data were analyzed from 32 children and adolescents with ASD and 56 typically developing controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a gender identification task for faces that were fearful, happy, sad, or neutral. Habituation was tested by comparing amygdala activation to faces during the first half versus the second half of the session. VmPFC-amygdala connectivity was examined through psychophysiologic interaction analysis.Results Youth with ASD had decreased amygdala habituation to sad and neutral faces compared with controls. Moreover, decreased amygdala habituation correlated with autism severity as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale. There was a group difference in vmPFC-amygdala connectivity while viewing sad faces, and connectivity predicted amygdala habituation to sad faces in controls.Conclusions Sustained amygdala activation to faces suggests that repeated face presentations are processed differently in individuals with ASD, which could contribute to social impairments. Abnormal modulation of the amygdala by the vmPFC may play a role in decreased habituation.
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Decreased regulation of amygdala by ventromedial PFC underlies reduced habituation of amygdala in ASD, resulting in decreased modulation of response to social stimuli.
“Several studies of mPFC dysfunction in ASD samples have focused on social disabilities such as face processing (Kleinhans et al., 2009; Swartz et al., 2013) conclude that decreased regulation of amygdala by ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) underlies reduced habituation of amygdala in ASD, resulting in decreased modulation of response to social stimuli.”
From Sensory, emotional and cognitive contributions to anxiety in autism spectrum disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Swartz et al., 2013
The Abstract (Results and Conclusions) reports reduced amygdala habituation to sad and neutral faces in youth with ASD and says abnormal vmPFC modulation may play a role. The claim overstates this tentative, expression-specific finding as an established causal mechanism governing responses to social stimuli generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Swartz, J. R., Wiggins, J. L., Carrasco, M., Lord, C., & Monk, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Swartz, Johnna R.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84-93
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3530144
- OpenAlex
- W2098408283
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (AS2573)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066496, MH-066496)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U19HD035482)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, emotional face processing, sad faces, autism severity, social dysfunction, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Amygdala, Arousal, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reference Values, Prefrontal Cortex
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