Major Depression in the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement: Prevalence, Correlates, and Treatment
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Objective To present the 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) and severe MDD; to examine sociodemographic correlates and comorbidity; and to describe impairment and service use.Method Data are from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a nationally representative survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years that assesses DSM-IV disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0. One parent or surrogate of each participating adolescent was also asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.Results Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of MDD were 11.0% and 7.5%, respectively. The corresponding rates of severe MDD were 3.0% and 2.3%. The prevalence of MDD increased significantly across adolescence, with markedly greater increases among females than among males. Most cases of MDD were associated with psychiatric comorbidity and severe role impairment, and a substantial minority reported suicidality. The prevalence of severe MDD was about one-fourth of that of all MDD cases; estimates of impairment and clinical correlates were of 2- to 5-fold greater magnitude for severe versus mild/moderate depression, with markedly higher rates for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Treatment in any form was received by the majority of adolescents with 12-month DSM-IV MDD (60.4%), but only a minority received treatment that was disorder-specific or from the mental health sector.Conclusion Findings underscore the important public health significance of depression among US adolescents and the urgent need to improve screening and treatment access in this population.
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Prior to the pandemic, fewer than 50% of adolescents with depression used adequate services.
“Prior to the pandemic, fewer than 50% of adolescents with depression used adequate services [23,24].”
From Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
The Results (Clinical and Treatment Correlates of 12-Month MDD; page unavailable) report that 33.9% of adolescents with 12-month MDD received depression-specific treatment, below 50%. The paper measures whether treatment was received, not whether services were adequate; it also reports that 60.4% received treatment in any form. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdolescent depression is a prevalent public health problem in the United States.
“Adolescent depression is a prevalent public health problem in the United States (Avenevoli et al., 2015)”
From Community-guided, autism-adapted group cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in autistic youth (CBT-DAY): Preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy (2024) · cites this paper as Avenevoli et al., 2015
Psychological distress associated with depression and anxiety is highly prevalent in adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old.
“This is not surprising considering that psychological distress associated with depression and anxiety is highly prevalent in adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old [71,72].”
From Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [71]
The development of a psychiatric disorder significantly increases the risk of psychiatric comorbidity.
“For example, the development of a psychiatric disorder significantly increases the risk of psychiatric comorbidity (Fusar-Poli et al., 2014; Avenevoli et al., 2015).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Avenevoli et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Avenevoli, S., Swendsen, J., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., & Merikangas, K. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Merikangas, Kathleen Ries
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-44.e2
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4408277
- OpenAlex
- W2060392554
- Cited by
- 1,202
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 127 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 116 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 30
- FWCI
- 75.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002808)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, adolescent depression, prevalence, severe depression, psychiatric comorbidity, role impairment, suicidality, treatment access, gender differences, sociodemographic correlates, mental health services
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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