Examining the course of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in outpatient and inpatient adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) among youth are major public health concerns. Although a growing body of research has focused on the complex association between nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury, the temporal relationship between these two classes of behaviors is unclear. The current study addresses this empirical gap by examining the course of SITBs in adolescents receiving outpatient (N = 106; 82.1 % female) and inpatient (N = 174; 75.9 % female) treatment. SITBs (co-occurrence, age-of-onset, and time lag between SITBs) and major psychiatric disorders were assessed at a single time point with well-validated structured interviews. Adolescents in both clinical samples reported high co-occurrence of SITBs: most adolescents reported both lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts. A similar temporal pattern of SITBs was reported in the two samples: thoughts of NSSI and suicide ideation had the earliest age-of-onset, followed by NSSI behaviors, suicide plans, and suicide attempts. However, the age-of-onset for each SITB was younger in the inpatient sample than in the outpatient sample. In terms of time lag between SITBs, suicide ideation occurred on average before initial engagement in NSSI, suggesting that pathways to NSSI and suicidal behavior may occur simultaneously rather than in succession from nonsuicidal to suicidal self-injury. Results also indicated that the time to transition between SITBs was relatively fast, and that a key period for intervention and prevention is within the first 6-12 months after the onset of suicidal thinking. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the time-lagged relationship between nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury.
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STB and NSSI frequently co-occur.
“Although STB and NSSI often co-occur (1)”
From Neural correlates associated with suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The overlap in neural correlates of suicidal and non-suicidal behaviors is not surprising given their high co-occurrence.
“The overlap in neural correlates of suicidal and non-suicidal behaviors is not surprising given the high co-occurrence (1).”
From Neural correlates associated with suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury frequently co-occur.
“Given the high co-occurrence of STB and NSSI (1)”
From Neural correlates associated with suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Earlier mental disorder onset shapes brain development and relates to self-injurious behaviors.
“Earlier mental disorder onset shapes brain development (e.g., (123)) and relates to self-injurious behaviors (1).”
From Neural correlates associated with suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
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“Notably, the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, and death by suicide all increase dramatically during the adolescent transition, a unique period of developmental vulnerability for suicidal ideation and behaviors (Curtin et al. 2016, Glenn et al. 2017b, Kõlves & de Leo 2017).”
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“, 2006), only one third of adolescents who think about suicide will engage in suicidal behavior (Glenn et al., 2017; Nock et al., 2013).”
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- Authors
- Glenn, C. R., Lanzillo, E. C., Esposito, E. C., Santee, A. C., Nock, M. K., & Auerbach, R. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glenn, Catherine R.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2016-10-19
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 971-983
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC5397367
- OpenAlex
- W2537821271
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 12.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH097354, K23MH097786)
- Rolfe Fund
- Tommy Fuss Fund
- Simches Fund
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- suicidal self-injury, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, adolescents, age of onset, suicide planning, suicide attempts, psychiatric comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Outpatients, Thinking, Time Factors, Comorbidity, Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicidal Ideation
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