Cited by 80Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Feeling left out: Depressed adolescents may atypically recruit emotional salience and regulation networks during social exclusion

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Jankowski, Kathryn F, Batres, Jonathan, Scott, Hannah, Smyda, Garry, Pfeifer, Jennifer H, Quevedo, Karina·2018·Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Abstract

Depression is associated with negative attention and attribution biases and maladaptive emotion responsivity and regulation, which adversely impact self-evaluations and interpersonal relationships. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural substrates of these impairments. We compared neural activity recruited by 126 clinically depressed and healthy adolescents (ages 11-17 years) during social exclusion (Exclusion > Inclusion) using Cyberball. Results revealed significant interaction effects within left anterior insula (AI)/inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Insula hyperresponsivity was associated with peer exclusion for depressed adolescents but peer inclusion for healthy adolescents. In additional, healthy adolescents recruited greater lateral temporal activity during peer exclusion. Complementary effect size analyses within independent parcellations offered converging evidence, as well as highlighted medium-to-large effects within subgenual/ventral anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal, lateral temporal and lateral parietal regions implicated in emotion regulation. Depressogenic neural patterns were associated with negative self-perceptions and negative information processing biases. These findings suggest a neural mechanism underlying cognitive biases in depression, as reflected by emotional hyperresponsivity and maladaptive regulation/reappraisal of negative social evaluative information. This study lends further support for salience and central executive network dysfunction underlying social threat processing, and in particular, highlights the anterior insula as a key region of disturbance in adolescent depression.

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  • Collectively, neuroimaging studies demonstrate consistent evidence of engagement in subgenual ACC, vlPFC, posterior midline regions, and ventral striatum during social exclusion; paradigms looking at anticipation/receipt of social evaluative feedback additionally elicit responses in amygdala and medial orbitofrontal cortex.

    “Collectively, these studies demonstrate consistent evidence of engagement in subgenual ACC (sgACC), vlPFC, posterior midline regions, and ventral striatum (for a meta-analysis, see (124)); the paradigms that look at anticipation/receipt of social evaluative feedback additionally elicit responses in amygdala and medial orbitofrontal cortex.(39,122,123,125)”
  • The anterior insula, part of the salience network, has been implicated in atypical responses to social exclusion in depression and anxiety, but the direction of effects has been mixed.

    “The anterior insula, part of the salience network, has also been implicated in atypical responses to social exclusion in depression(123,126) and anxiety,(127) but the direction of effects has been mixed.”

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  1. Beck A.T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 1, 5– 37.
  2. Reynolds C.R., Kamphaus R.W. (2004). BASC-2: Behavior assessment for children, second edition manual, Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
  3. Thompson-Schill S.L., D’Esposito M., Aguirre G.K., Farah M.J. (1997). Role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in retrieval of semantic knowledge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(26), 14792– 7. PMC25116 9405692

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Authors
Jankowski, K. F., Batres, J., Scott, H., Smyda, G., Pfeifer, J. H., & Quevedo, K.
Affiliations
  • University of Oregon (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Quevedo, Karina
Venue
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Published
2018-08
Volume
13
Issue
8
Pages
863-876
ISSN
  • 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-5024
OpenAlex
W2888351643
Cited by
80
References
120
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
FWCI
3.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092601)
  • National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
  • National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (2011122786)
  • Autism Speaks Weatherstone Predoctoral Fellowship
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
adolescent depression, social exclusion, Cyberball, anterior insula, emotion regulation, cognitive biases, self-perception, left inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, lateral parietal cortex
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Computer Simulation, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Rejection, Psychology, Social Behavior, Temporal Lobe

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