Underconnectivity Between Visual and Salience Networks and Links With Sensory Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Objective The anterior insular cortex (AI), which is a part of the salience network, is critically involved in visual awareness, multisensory perception, and social and emotional processing, among other functions. In children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), evidence has suggested aberrant functional connectivity (FC) of AI compared with typically developing peers. While recent studies have primarily focused on the functional connections between salience and social networks, much less is known about connectivity between AI and primary sensory regions, including visual areas, and how these patterns may be linked to autism symptomatology.Method The current investigation implemented functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine resting-state FC patterns of salience and visual networks in children and adolescents with ASDs compared with typically developing controls, and to relate them to behavioral measures.Results Functional underconnectivity was found in the ASD group between left AI and bilateral visual cortices. Moreover, in an ASD subgroup with more atypical visual sensory profiles, FC was positively correlated with abnormal social motivational responsivity.Conclusion Findings of reduced FC between salience and visual networks in ASDs potentially indicate deficient selection of salient information. Moreover, in children and adolescents with ASDs who show strongly atypical visual sensory profiles, connectivity at seemingly more neurotypical levels may be paradoxically associated with greater impairment of social motivation.
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The Insular Cortex: An Interface Between Sensation, Emotion and Cognition
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- Authors
- Jao Keehn, R. J., Pueschel, E. B., Gao, Y., Jahedi, A., Alemu, K., Carper, R., Fishman, I., & Müller, R.-A.
- Affiliations
- San Diego State University (US)
- Claremont Graduate University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 274-285
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7483217
- OpenAlex
- W3006985961
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anterior insula, salience network, visual cortex, resting-state functional connectivity, sensory disturbances, social motivation, multisensory perception, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Motivation, Neural Pathways
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