Obesity and the skin: Skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity

Yosipovitch, Gil; DeVore, Amy; Dawn, Aerlyn

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.12.004

Cited by 524Skin Diseases and DiabetesDermatology and Skin DiseasesObesity and Health Practices

Obesity and the skin: Skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity

Yosipovitch, Gil, DeVore, Amy, Dawn, Aerlyn·2007·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.12.004

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Abstract

Unlabelled Obesity is widely recognized as an epidemic in the Western world; however, the impact of obesity on the skin has received minimal attention. The purpose of this article is to highlight the association between obesity and dermatologic conditions. We review the impact of obesity on the skin, including skin physiology, skin manifestations of obesity, and dermatologic diseases aggravated by obesity. Obesity is responsible for changes in skin barrier function, sebaceous glands and sebum production, sweat glands, lymphatics, collagen structure and function, wound healing, microcirculation and macrocirculation, and subcutaneous fat. Moreover, obesity is implicated in a wide spectrum of dermatologic diseases, including acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, keratosis pilaris, hyperandrogenism and hirsutism, striae distensae, adiposis dolorosa, and fat redistribution, lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, plantar hyperkeratosis, cellulitis, skin infections, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, insulin resistance syndrome, and tophaceous gout. We review the clinical features, evidence for association with obesity, and management of these various dermatoses and highlight the profound impact of obesity in clinical dermatology.Learning objective After completing this learning activity, participants should be aware of obesity-associated changes in skin physiology, skin manifestations of obesity, and dermatologic diseases aggravated by obesity, and be able to formulate a pathophysiology-based treatment strategy for obesity-associated dermatoses.

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Obesity alters dermal parameters including increased dermal thickness, greater trans-epidermal water loss, reduced capillary density, and increased depth of arteries such as the radial artery.
“Obesity alters several key dermal parameters: increased dermal thickness, greater trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), reduced capillary density, and increased depth of arteries such as the radial artery.”
From PPG-Based Heart Rate Accuracy in Hispanic Adults with Fitzpatrick III–V Skin Tones: An Evaluation of Body Composition and Skin-Tone Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
Physiological changes in individuals with obesity may increase measurement uncertainties for optical blood pressure monitoring.
“Physiological changes that occur in individuals with obesity may increase the measurement uncertainties, and optical means for monitoring blood pressure will have to account for obesity-related changes to the skin optical properties12 and increased subcutaneous tissue thickness.”
From Synthetic photoplethysmography (PPG) of the radial artery through parallelized Monte Carlo and its correlation to body mass index (BMI) (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

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Vulvar acanthosis nigricans: a marker for insulin resistance in hirsute women
Grasinger, C. C., Wild, R. A., & Parker, I. J. (1993) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55804-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa
Schissel, D. J., Hivnor, C., & Elston, D. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37713-3.50100-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Risk factors for psoriasis: a retrospective study on 501 outpatients clinical records.
Marino, M. G., Carboni, I., Felice, C. D., Maurici, M., Maccari, F., & Franco, E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN INSULIN RESISTANCE WITH ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
Tankova, T. I., Koev, D. J., Dakovska, L. N., & Кirilov, G. (2002) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2002.tb11327.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wound collagen accumulation in obese hyperglycemic mice
(1986) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.35.4.491 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dietary behaviour in psoriatic patients.
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Long-term octreotide treatment reduced hyperinsulinemia, excess body weight and skin lesions in severe obesity with acanthosis nigricans
Lunetta, M., Mauro, M. D., Moli, R. L., & Burrafato, S. (1996) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03349042 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Extensive Striae Distensae as a Result of Topical Corticosteroid Therapy in Psoriasis Vulgaris
Rogalski, C., & Rogalski, C. (2003) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.1080/00015550310002747 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Increased cutaneous blood flow but impaired post-ischemic response of nutritional flow in obese children
Chin, L.-C., Huang, T.-Y., Yu, C.-L., Wu, C.-H., Hsu, C.-C., & Yu, H.-S. (1999) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00135-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Elephantiasis Nostras of the Abdominal Wall
Chernosky, M. E. (1966) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1966.01600300081017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Thiazolidinediones: potential as therapeutics for psoriasis and perhaps other hyperproliferative skin disease
Varani, J., Bhagavathula, N., Ellis, C. N., & Pershadsingh, H. A. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.15.11.1453 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Erfolgreiche symptomatische Tazarotentherapie der juvenilen Acanthosis nigricans vom familiär adipositasassoziierten Typ bei Insulinresistenz
Weißhaar, E., Bonnekoh, B., Franke, I., & Gollnick, H. P. M. (2001) · Der Hautarzt · doi:10.1007/s001050000083 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Book Review
Vandel, S., Sandoz, M., Vandel, B., Bonin, B., Allers, G., Volmat, R., Ananth, J., Lin, K.-M., Sanger, D. J., Joly, D., et al. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118237 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Weight Changes in Antidepressants: A Comparison of Amitriptyline and Trazodone
Orzack, M. H., Cole, J. O., Friedman, L., Bird, M., & McEachern, J. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118283 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

8 of the 226 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Human skin wounds: A major and snowballing threat to public health and the economy
Sen, C. K., Gordillo, G. M., Roy, S., Kirsner, R., Lambert, L., Hunt, T. K., Gottrup, F., Gurtner, G. C., & Longaker, M. T. (2009) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00543.x · Cited by 2,965 · see citing works
“Obesity is responsible for changes in skin barrier function, sebaceous glands and sebum production, sweat glands, lymphatics, collagen structure and function, wound healing, microcirculation and macrocirculation, and subcutaneous fat.(78) Obesity has a clear but not yet precisely defined effect on the immune response…”
Background
Review of Childhood Obesity
Kumar, S., & Kelly, A. S. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017 · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
“Other skin abnormalities include intertrigo, hidradenitis suppurativa, furunculosis, and stretch marks.(101)”
Background
Obesity: Risk factors, complications, and strategies for sustainable long‐term weight management
Fruh, S. M. (2017) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12510 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection
Huttunen, R., & Syrjänen, J. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.62 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
The relationship between skin function, barrier properties, and body‐dependent factors
Dąbrowska, A., Spano, F., Derler, S., Adlhart, C., Spencer, N. D., & Rossi, R. M. (2017) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/srt.12424 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Obesity and related consequences to ageing
Jura, M., & Kozak, L. P. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-016-9884-3 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Obesity and Surgical Wound Healing: A Current Review
Pierpont, Y. N., Dinh, T. P., Salas, R., Johnson, E. L., Wright, T. G., Robson, M. C., & Payne, W. G. (2014) · ISRN Obesity · doi:10.1155/2014/638936 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
“Another aspect of wound healing that is potentially affected by hypoxia is fibroblasts’ capability to synthesize collagen [73, 93, 94].”
BackgroundInfluential
Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology
Breslin, J. W., Yang, Y., Scallan, J. P., Sweat, R. S., Adderley, S., & Murfee, W. L. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c180015 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of a series of 302 French patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, with an analysis of factors associated with disease severity
Canouï‐Poitrine, F., Revuz, J. E., Wolkenstein, P., Viallette, C., Gabison, G., Pouget, F., Poli, F., Faye, O., & Bastuji‐Garin, S. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.013 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
What causes hidradenitis suppurativa?
Paus, R., Kurzen, H., Kurokawa, I., Jemec, G. B. E., Emtestam, L., Sellheyer, K., Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J., Nagy, I., Bechara, F. G., Sartorius, K., et al. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00712.x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Moisture-Associated Skin Damage
GRAY, M. L., Black, J. M., Baharestani, M. M., Bliss, D. Z., Colwell, J. C., Goldberg, M., Kennedy-Evans, K. L., Logan, S., & Ratliff, C. R. (2011) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/won.0b013e318215f798 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The Influence of Body Weight on the Prevalence and Severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Kromann, C. B., Ibler, K. S., Kristiansen, V. B., & Jemec, G. B. E. (2014) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-1800 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Adiposity and human regional body temperature
Savastano, D. M., Gorbach, A. M., Eden, H. S., Brady, S. M., Reynolds, J. C., & Yanovski, J. A. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27567 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“Obesity-associated changes in skin physiology may be related to increased sweat gland activity (40); however, there do not appear to be any specific alterations in the structure and function of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands in obesity (41).”
Background
Impact of Obesity on Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction: Analysis of 15,937 Patients from the ACS-NSQIP Datasets
Fischer, J. P., Nelson, J. A., Kovach, S. J., Serletti, J. M., Wu, L. C., & Kanchwala, S. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.03.031 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Obesity and infectious diseases: pathophysiology and epidemiology of a double pandemic condition
Pugliese, G., Liccardi, A., Graziadio, C., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., & Colao, A. (2022) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-021-01035-6 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“This progressive accumulation of fluid results in reduced tissue oxygenation, which can cause fibrosis and a chronic inflammatory state over time [76].”
Background
Lower extremity lymphedema
Kerchner, K., Fleischer, A. B., & Yosipovitch, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.04.013 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“Obesity can impede lymphatic flow and lead to protein-rich fluid accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue.(9)”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The Gut-Brain Axis, the Human Gut Microbiota and Their Integration in the Development of Obesity
Bliss, E., & Whiteside, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00900 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Obesity and Kidney Disease
Lakkis, J. I., & Weir, M. R. (2018) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.005 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Skin changes in the obese patient
Hirt, P. A., Castillo, D. E., Yosipovitch, G., & Keri, J. E. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.070 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects Of Childhood Obesity On Hospital Care And Costs, 1999–2005
Trasande, L., Liu, Y., Fryer, G. E., & Weitzman, M. L. (2009) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.w751 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Disorders of Keratinization
Judge, M. R., McLean, W. H. I., & Munro, C. S. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch34 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Comorbidities of Obesity
Schelbert, K. B. (2009) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2009.01.009 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
High-Fat Diet Exacerbates Early Psoriatic Skin Inflammation Independent of Obesity: Saturated Fatty Acids as Key Players
Herbert, D., Franz, S., Popkova, Y., Anderegg, U., Schiller, J., Schwede, K., Lorz, A., Simon, J. C., & Saalbach, A. (2018) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1522 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Aging and dry eye disease
Ding, J., & Sullivan, D. A. (2012) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.020 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“hand, increased acne is associated with obesity-associated disorders including hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome (Yosipovitch et al., 2007); however, these are complicated by the primary involvement of sex hormones.”
Background
Obesity and the skin
Shipman, A. R., & Millington, G. W. M. (2011) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10393.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Syndromes associated with nutritional deficiency and excess
Jen, M. V., & Yan, A. C. (2010) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.029 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Epidermal fatty acid binding protein promotes skin inflammation induced by high-fat diet
Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Rao, E., Sun, Y., Grossmann, M. E., Morris, R. J., Cleary, M. P., & Li, B. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.016 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“, 2011) and the poor understanding of obesity-associated inflammatory skin diseases in humans (Yosipovitch et al., 2007; Shipman and Millington, 2011; Scheinfeld, 2004; Mathur and Goebel, 2011; Mirmirani and Carpenter, 2014), we set out to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of how the HFD, as a major enviro…”
Obesity and psoriasis: From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation
Bremmer, S. F., Voorhees, A. S. V., Hsu, S., Korman, N. J., Lebwohl, M., Young, M. S., Bebo, B. F., & Blauvelt, A. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.09.053 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Hidradenitis suppurativa
Nazary, M., van der Zee, H. H., Prens, E. P., Folkerts, G., & Boer, J. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.047 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“HS belongs to the skin diseases where obesity has been shown to play a significant role (Revuz, 2009), especially when it comes to aggravation of HS (Yosipovitch et al., 2007).”
Background
Health Care Utilization Patterns and Costs for Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Kirby, J. S., Miller, J. J., Adams, D. R., & LESLIE, D. L. (2014) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.691 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“8) (15 [8-30]) <.”
Clinical problems caused by obesity
Kyrou, I., Randeva, H. S., Barber, T., Tsigos, C., Kaltsas, G. A., & Weickert, M. O. (2022) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33841351 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Complications and morbidity following breast reconstruction – a review of 16,063 cases from the 2005–2010 NSQIP datasets
Fischer, J. P., Nelson, J. A., Au, A., Tuggle, C. T., Serletti, J. M., & Wu, L. C. (2013) · Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.3109/2000656x.2013.819003 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Obesidad y psoriasis: naturaleza inflamatoria de la obesidad, relación entre psoriasis y obesidad e implicaciones terapéuticas
Carrascosa, J. M., Rocamora, V., Fernandez-Torres, R. M., Jiménez-Puya, R. J., Moreno, J. C., Coll-Puigserver, N., & Fonseca, E. (2012) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.ad.2012.08.003 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance and Skin Diseases
Napolitano, M., Megna, M., & Monfrecola, G. (2015) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2015/479354 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“and papillomatosis of the epidermis rather than pigmentproducing cells [20].”
Background
Adipocytes in Skin Health and DiseasePreprint
Rivera-Gonzalez, G. C., Shook, B., & Horsley, V. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a015271 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Accumulation of WAT in other depots during obesity can also influence skin-related disorders including psoriasis, ulceration, infection, and poor wound healing (Frank et al. 2000; Ryo et al. 2004; Yosipovitch et al. 2007; Guilherme et al. 2008; Shipman and Millington 2011).”
Background
Obesity and Psoriasis: Inflammatory Nature of Obesity, Relationship Between Psoriasis and Obesity, and Therapeutic Implications
Carrascosa, J. M., Rocamora, V., Fernandez-Torres, R. M., Jiménez-Puya, R. J., Moreno, J. C., Coll-Puigserver, N., & Fonseca, E. (2014) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2012.08.024 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Significance of Ultrasound Examination of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue in Secondary Lower Extremity Lymphedema
Suehiro, K., Morikage, N., Murakami, M., Yamashita, O., Samura, M., & Hamano, K. (2013) · Annals of Vascular Diseases · doi:10.3400/avd.oa.12.00102 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The impact of obesity on skin disease and epidermal permeability barrier status
Guida, B., Nino, M., Perrino, N. R., Laccetti, R., Trio, R., Labella, S., & Balato, N. (2009) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03503.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Complications Following Reduction Mammaplasty
Fischer, J. P., Cleveland, E. C., Shang, E. K., Nelson, J. A., & Serletti, J. M. (2013) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1177/1090820x13515676 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Lifestyle Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata
Minokawa, Y., Sawada, Y., & Nakamura, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031038 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Furthermore, skin barrier function is impaired in obesity [68].”
Background
Reducing the risk of infection after total joint arthroplasty: preoperative optimization
Antonelli, B. J., & Chen, A. F. (2019) · Arthroplasty · doi:10.1186/s42836-019-0003-7 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
GDF15 deficiency promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Tran, T., Yang, J. O., Gardner, J., & Xiong, Y. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201584 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The impact of obesity on immune response to infection: Plausible mechanisms and outcomes
Muscogiuri, G., Pugliese, G., Laudisio, D., Castellucci, B., Barrea, L., Savastano, S., & Colao, A. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13216 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Obesity also carries an increased risk of surgical infections due to delay in wound healing, disrupted microcirculation and macrocirculation, and lymphedema.(8) In fact, prospective studies have shown that obesity is associated with a significantly increased risk of skin and soft-tissue infections after surgical proce…”
Background
Wearable technologies for health research: Opportunities, limitations, and practical and conceptual considerations
Roos, L. G., & Slavich, G. M. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“differed significantly depending on obesity status across sex (Aldosky, 2019), possibly due to subcutaneous fat eliciting greater sweat production (Shipman and Millington, 2011; Yosipovitch et al., 2007).”
Background
Intertrigo and secondary skin infections.
Kalra, M. G., Higgins, K. E., & Kinney, B. S. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Circumference reduction and cellulite treatment with a TriPollar radiofrequency device: a pilot study
Manuskiatti, W., Wachirakaphan, C., Lektrakul, N., & Varothai, S. (2009) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03254.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Actualización en hidradenitis supurativa (I): epidemiología, aspectos clínicos y definición de severidad de la enfermedad
Martorell, A., García‐Martínez, F. J., Gallo, D. J., Pascual, J. C., Rodríguez, J., Salgado, L., & Vilarrasa, E. (2015) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.ad.2015.06.004 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The critical role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa
Shah, A., Alhusayen, R. O., & Amini‐Nik, S. (2017) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-017-1074-y · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“This is supported by epidemiological data showing that an overwhelming proportion of HS patients are obese [44, 45]”
Background
Effect of Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery on Skin and the Extracellular Matrix
Light, D., Arvanitis, G. M., Abramson, D. L., & Glasberg, S. B. (2009) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181c2a657 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Subcutaneous Tissue Ultrasonography in Legs with Dependent Edema and Secondary Lymphedema
Suehiro, K., Morikage, N., Murakami, M., Yamashita, O., Ueda, K., Samura, M., Nakamura, K., & Hamano, K. (2014) · Annals of Vascular Diseases · doi:10.3400/avd.oa.13-00107 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Genetic syndromes of severe insulin resistance
Melvin, A., O’Rahilly, S., & Savage, D. (2018) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.02.002 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“The first of these are cutaneous manifestations of IR including acanthosis nigricans, a velvety hyperpigmented thickening of the skin and acrochordan’s (skin tags) which are fibrous dermal benign tumours often localised to skin creases(4, 5).”
Background
Overweight, diabetes and disease duration influence clinical severity in hidradenitis suppurativa–acne inversa: evidence from the national Italian registry
Bettoli, V., Naldi, L., Cazzaniga, S., Zauli, S., Atzori, L., Borghi, A., Capezzera, R., Caproni, M., Cardinali, C., DeVita, V., et al. (2015) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.13864 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Effect of Obesity on Skin Disease and Epidermal Permeability Barrier Status in Children
Nino, M., Franzese, A., Perrino, N. R., & Balato, N. (2012) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01738.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Several dermatoses have been reported in patients with metabolic abnormalities (18,19).”
Background
The Link Between Obesity and the Skin
Darlenski, R., Mihaylova, V., & Handjieva‐Darlenska, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.855573 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Increased utilization of emergency department and inpatient care by patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Khalsa, A., Liu, G., & Kirby, J. S. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.053 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Perceived Stigmatization among Dermatological Outpatients Compared with Controls: An Observational Multicentre Study in 17 European Countries
van Beugen, S., Schut, C., Kupfer, J. P., Bewley, A. P., Finlay, A. Y., Gieler, U., Thompson, A. R., Gracia‐Cazaña, T., Balieva, F., Ferreira, B. R., et al. (2023) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/actadv.v103.6485 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Considering that obesity is associated with adverse outcomes in skin conditions (17), patients facing the double stigma of being obese and having a skin condition may represent a vulnerable subgroup for adverse outcomes, although this has not been examined.”
Background
Daily Lifestyle and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Sawada, Y., Saito‐Sasaki, N., Mashima, E., & Nakamura, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105204 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Obesity Th17 ↑ [125,126] Skin burrier ↓ [129], TSLP ↑ [70] Lymphatic vessel disfunction [131,132], IFN-γ ↑ [122]”
Background
Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa
Sisto, K., & Khachemoune, A. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/00128071-200809030-00001 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Skin Viscoelasticity
Everett, J. S., & Sommers, M. S. (2012) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800411434151 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome
Alsufyani, M. A., Golant, A., & Lebwohl, M. (2010) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01307.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“For example, psoriasis has been associated with obesity (8,9), depression (10), myocardial infarction (MI) (11), and the metabolic syndrome (12,13).”
Background
Synthetic photoplethysmography (PPG) of the radial artery through parallelized Monte Carlo and its correlation to body mass index (BMI)
Boonya-ananta, T., Rodriguez, A. J., Ajmal, A., Du Le, V. N., Hansen, A. K., Hutcheson, J. D., & Ramella-Roman, J. C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82124-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Glycation associated skin autofluorescence and skin elasticity are related to chronological age and body mass index of healthy subjects
Corstjens, H., DiCanio, D. M., Muizzuddin, N., Neven, A.-M., Sparacio, R. M., Declercq, L., & Maes, D. H. (2008) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2008.01.012 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“skin physiology has been recognised before (Yosipovitch et al., 2007), but the”
Background
Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology
Breslin, J. W., Yang, Y., Scallan, J. P., Sweat, R. S., Adderley, S., & Murfee, W. L. (2019) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2019.tb00063.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Gastric bypass surgery improves psoriasis
Hossler, E. W., Maroon, M. S., & Mowad, C. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.01.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Improvement of skin condition in striae distensae: development, characterization and clinical efficacy of a cosmetic product containing <em>Punica granatum</em> seed oil and <em>Croton lechleri</em> resin extract
Bogdan, C., Iurian, S., Tomuta, I., & Moldovan, M. L. (2017) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s128470 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“The physiopathogenetic mechanism of SD involves changes similar with scar formation process.(1,7,10) In an initial stage, inflammation and edema of the dermis develop, followed by the deposition of dermal collagen along the lines of mechanical stress and the flattering of rete pegs.”
Skin manifestations of obesity: a comparative study
Boza, J. C., Trindade, E. N., Peruzzo, J., Sachett, L. G., Rech, L. G., & Cestari, T. F. (2011) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04265.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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“and all ethnic groups are affected by obesity at all ages [99] and obesity is associated with lower life expectancy because of a dramatic increase”
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Proteolytic activation of prochemerin by kallikrein 7 breaks an ionic linkage and results in C-terminal rearrangement
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“…the direct contribution of dWAT is unknown, obese individuals have a greater risk of acquiring many different cutaneous diseases, including ulceration, infection, and a diminished capacity to heal wounds (Frank et al. 2000, Guilherme et al. 2008, Shipman & Millington 2011, Yosipovitch et al. 2007).”
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The AAHKS Clinical Research Award: Intraosseous Regional Prophylaxis Provides Higher Tissue Concentrations in High BMI Patients in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial
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Background
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“In contrast, several authors report that fat cells even inhibit fibroblast proliferation and decrease collagen deposition.(23) Table 4.”
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“Keratinocytes and fibroblasts express insulin-like growth factor receptor, which when stimulated can lead to hyperproliferative effects and cutaneous changes such as acanthosis nigricans and acrochordons (4,14).”
Background
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“21 These factors may explain the increased tendency to develop cellulitis in obese patients.”

Authors: Yosipovitch, G., DeVore, A., & Dawn, A.
Affiliations: Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Yosipovitch, Gil
ORCID: Yosipovitch, Gil
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-06
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Pages: 901-916
ISSN: 0190-9622 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.12.004
OpenAlex: W2009476361
Semantic Scholar: b5f800df723da429743687ae8b6b272a5e4772cb
Cited by: 524
References: 226
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 4.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords: obesity, skin barrier function, sebum production, sweat glands, collagen, wound healing, subcutaneous adipose tissue, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, keratosis pilaris, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, striae, adiposis dolorosa, lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, plantar hyperkeratosis, cellulitis, skin infections, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, tophaceous gout
MeSH terms: Acanthosis Nigricans, Adiposis Dolorosa, Animals, Chronic Disease, Elasticity, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Intertrigo, Lymphedema, Microcirculation, Obesity, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Psoriasis, Sebaceous Glands, Skin Diseases, Venous Insufficiency, Comorbidity, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Fasciitis, Necrotizing

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Obesity and the skin: Skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity

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