Differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators using the Integrated Motivational–Volitional model of suicidal behaviour
Open accessAbstract
Background Suicidal behaviour is a significant public health concern, yet little is known about the factors that enable or impede behavioural enactment (engaging in a suicide attempt).Aims Drawing on the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicidal Behaviour (2011), this study examined the factors associated with having thoughts of suicide (ideation) versus those associated with suicide enaction (attempts). Within a multivariate context, it was predicted that the factors associated with ideation formation (motivational factors) would be distinct from those factors which governed behavioural enaction (volitional moderators).Method Healthy adults (N=1, 288) completed an anonymous self-report survey. Analyses compared three groups: suicide attempters (n=230), suicide ideators (n=583), and those without any suicide history (n=475).Results Suicide attempters differed from suicide ideators on all volitional factors (fearlessness about death, impulsivity, and exposure to suicidal behaviour), with the exception of discomfort tolerance. Compared to ideators, attempters were more likely to have a family member and close friend who had self-injured or attempted suicide, and were more impulsive and fearless about death. Conversely, the two suicide groups did not differ on any of the variables (motivational factors) associated with the development of thoughts of death by suicide.Limitations This is a cross-sectional study based on self-report measures.Conclusions Further research efforts to distinguish between suicide ideators and suicide attempters is crucial to inform the development of intervention and treatment approaches.
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In a study of college students, those who reported suicidal ideation did not differ in motivational-phase variables from individuals who had attempted suicide in multivariate analyses, but they did differ on volitional-phase variables.
“In another study of college students, those who reported suicidal ideation did not differ in motivational-phase variables from individuals who had attempted suicide in multivariate analyses, but they did differ on volitional-phase variables, as per the IMV model [65]”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
In a test of the IMV facets with students, within a multivariable model, only the volitional phase factors (exposure to suicide, impulsivity and fearlessness about death) distinguished between those who had experienced suicidal ideation and those who had attempted suicide.
“Similarly, in a test of the IMV facets with students, within a multivariable model, only the volitional phase factors (exposure to suicide, impulsivity and fearlessness about death) distinguished between those who had experienced suicidal ideation and those who had attempted suicide (Dhingra et al., 2015).”
From From ideation to action: Differentiating between those who think about suicide and those who attempt suicide in a national study of young adults (2018) · cites this paper as Dhingra et al., 2015
Exposure to suicide in others, in particular to the suicide attempt of a friend, was most strongly associated with belonging to the suicide attempt group.
“Consistent with previous findings (e.g., Dhingra et al., 2015; Mars et al., 2018), exposure to suicide in others, in particular to the suicide attempt of a friend, was most strongly associated with belonging to the suicide attempt group.”
From From ideation to action: Differentiating between those who think about suicide and those who attempt suicide in a national study of young adults (2018) · cites this paper as Dhingra et al., 2015
This study adds to the growing literature highlighting the importance of the volitional phase factors within the IMV model and the ideation-to-action framework more generally.
“This study adds to the growing literature highlighting the importance of the volitional phase factors within the IMV model (e.g., O'Connor et al., 2012; Dhingra et al., 2015) and the ideation-to-action framework more generally (Klonsky et al., 2017).”
From From ideation to action: Differentiating between those who think about suicide and those who attempt suicide in a national study of young adults (2018) · cites this paper as Dhingra et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Dhingra, K., Boduszek, D., & O’Connor, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Leeds Beckett University (GB)
- University of Huddersfield (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dhingra, Katie
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 186
- Pages
- 211-218
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1952924863
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 20.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- e-space.mmu.ac.uk
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield) (acceptedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) (submittedVersion)
- Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- suicide attempters, suicidal ideation, integrated motivational-volitional model, suicidal behavior, motivational factors, fearlessness about death, impulsivity, self-harm, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Young Adult, Self Report, Suicidal Ideation
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