The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Engagement in mobile phone app for self-monitoring of emotional wellbeing predicts changes in mental health: MoodPrism
Abstract
Background Mobile apps are being used increasingly for mental health purposes, but evidence of their efficacy remains limited. The mechanisms underlying any effects of such apps are also unclear. This study examined the effectiveness of a self-monitoring mobile phone app by investigating the relationships between app engagement and mental health outcomes.Method Participants downloaded the MoodPrism app from the iOS and Android app stores, completing in-app assessments at start of use and again 30days later. The app prompted participants daily to complete a short mood questionnaire and formulated their responses into a mood diary. Data from 234 assessment completers (73% female; M age = 34.8 years) were analysed via hierarchical and mediation regressions.Results In this community sample, app engagement ratings predicted decreases in depression and anxiety, and increases in mental well-being. These effects were mediated by increases in emotional self-awareness, but only for participants who were clinically depressed or anxious at the time of the baseline assessment. Mental health literacy and coping self-efficacy did not play mediating roles.Limitations Findings suggest that other influential mediators may have not been measured, and future studies could verify the findings by using alternative methodologies, such as comparison with a control group.Conclusions Engaging with an emotional wellbeing self-monitoring app may reduce depressive and anxious symptoms, and increase mental well-being. Increases in emotional self-awareness may mediate these changes in clinical populations, and further research is needed to reveal other mechanisms that mental health apps can utilize.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While some studies suggest that self-monitoring of stress can reduce stress and depression by enhancing emotional self-awareness and regulation (e.g. Bakker and Rickard 2018)”
From Effects of a Personalized Stress Management Intervention on Maternal Mental Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (2025) · cites this paper as Bakker and Rickard 2018
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
(2013) · Cited by 44,563
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Field, A. P., & Miles, J. N. V. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28,269
Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (2005) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2005.s303 · Cited by 17,993
Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/651257 · Cited by 12,583
Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning
Bandura, A. (1993) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3 · Cited by 7,655
The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-5-63 · Cited by 5,031
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 4,057
TESTING FOR SERIAL CORRELATION IN LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION. II
Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1951) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/38.1-2.159 · Cited by 3,636
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Rodgers, B., & Pollitt, P. (1997) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x · Cited by 2,585
Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001 · Cited by 2,350
Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements
Vickers, A. J., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1123 · Cited by 2,116
Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027600 · Cited by 2,006
Manea, L., Gilbody, S., & McMillan, D. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.110829 · Cited by 1,966
Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., & McMillan, D. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005 · Cited by 1,882
Smartphones for smarter delivery of mental health programs: A systematic review
Donker, T., Petrie, K., Proudfoot, J., Clarke, J., Birch, M.-R., & Christensen, H. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2791 · Cited by 1,136
Barrett, L. F., Gross, J., Christensen, T. C., & Benvenuto, M. (2001) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000239 · Cited by 1,077
A validity and reliability study of the coping self‐efficacy scale
Chesney, M. A., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., & Folkman, S. (2006) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910705x53155 · Cited by 942
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4984 · Cited by 886
Self-citationDevelopment and validation of the user version of the Mobile application rating scale (uMARS)
Stoyanov, S. R., Hides, L., Kavanagh, D. J., & Wilson, H. (2016) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.5849 · Cited by 872
Mindfulness and its relationship to emotional regulation
Hill, C. L. M., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026355 · Cited by 580
Psychoeducation for depression, anxiety and psychological distress: a meta-analysis
Donker, T., Griffiths, K. M., Cuijpers, P., & Christensen, H. (2009) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-79 · Cited by 542
Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., & Corby, E.-K. (2007) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3 · Cited by 530
National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Summary of Results
(2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e681292012-001 · Cited by 525
Mental Health Mobile Apps for Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Grist, R., Porter, J., & Stallard, P. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7332 · Cited by 518
Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Herbert, C., & Mayou, R. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024 · Cited by 485
Howells, A., Ivtzan, I., & Eiroa-Orosa, F. J. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9589-1 · Cited by 407
Kauer, S. D., Reid, S. C., Crooke, A. H. D., Khor, A., Hearps, S. J. C., Jorm, A. F., Sanci, L., & Patton, G. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1858 · Cited by 404
Mobile Therapy: Case Study Evaluations of a Cell Phone Application for Emotional Self-Awareness
Morris, M. E., Kathawala, Q., Leen, T. K., Gorenstein, E. E., Guilak, F., Labhard, M., & Deleeuw, W. (2010) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1371 · Cited by 384
Testing for Serial Correlation in Least Squares Regression. II
Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1951) · Biometrika · doi:10.2307/2332325 · Cited by 380
The Use and Effectiveness of Mobile Apps for Depression: Results From a Fully Remote Clinical Trial
Arean, P. A., Hallgren, K. A., Jordan, J. T., Gazzaley, A., Atkins, D. C., Heagerty, P. J., & Anguera, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6482 · Cited by 376
The Therapeutic Relationship in E-Therapy for Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Sucala, M., Schnur, J. B., Constantino, M. J., Miller, S. J., Brackman, E. H., & Montgomery, G. H. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2084 · Cited by 344
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Activation Apps for Depression
Huguet, A., Rao, S., McGrath, P. J., Wozney, L., Wheaton, M., Conrod, J., & Rozario, S. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154248 · Cited by 328
Donker, T., van Straten, A., Marks, I., & Cuijpers, P. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.01.016 · Cited by 273
Van Ameringen, M., Turna, J., Khalesi, Z., Pullia, K., & Patterson, B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22657 · Cited by 234
Anxiety: There is an app for that. A systematic review of anxiety apps: SUCALA et al.
Sucala, M., Cuijpers, P., Muench, F., Cardoș, R., Soflau, R., Dobrean, A., Achimas-Cadariu, P., & David, D. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22654 · Cited by 232
van Os, J., Verhagen, S., Marsman, A., Peeters, F., Bak, M., Marcelis, M., Drukker, M., Reininghaus, U., Jacobs, N., Lataster, T., et al. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22647 · Cited by 230
Measuring patient attributes and engagement in treatment
Joe, G. W., Broome, K. M., Rowan‐Szal, G. A., & Simpson, D. D. (2002) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00232-5 · Cited by 223
The digital placebo effect: mobile mental health meets clinical psychiatry
Torous, J., & Firth, J. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00565-9 · Cited by 200
Using Homework Assignments in Cognitive Behavior Therapy
(2005) · doi:10.4324/9780203499825 · Cited by 195
Versluis, A., Verkuil, B., Spinhoven, P., van der Ploeg, M. M., & Brosschot, J. F. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5642 · Cited by 186
Holdsworth, E., Bowen, E., Brown, S., & Howat, D. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.06.004 · Cited by 172
Birney, A. J., Gunn, R., Russell, J. K., & Ary, D. V. (2016) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.4231 · Cited by 159
Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S. D., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. L. (2007) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t01628-000 · Cited by 139
Dubad, M., Winsper, C., Meyer, C., Livanou, M., & Marwaha, S. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001659 · Cited by 129
Rickard, N., Arjmand, H.-A., Bakker, D., & Seabrook, E. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.6202 · Cited by 118
Self-citationCommon and specific emotion-related predictors of anxious and depressive symptoms in youth
Suveg, C., Hoffman, B., Zeman, J. L., & Thomassin, K. (2009) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-008-0121-x · Cited by 101
Schwartz, S., Schultz, S., Reider, A., & Saunders, E. F. H. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.013 · Cited by 96
Using self-monitoring: implementation of collaborative empiricism in cognitive-behavioral therapy
Cohen, J. S., Edmunds, J. M., Brodman, D. M., Benjamin, C. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.06.002 · Cited by 93
O’Toole, M. S., Jensen, M. B., Fentz, H. N., Zachariae, R., & Hougaard, E. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9611-2 · Cited by 81
Stoll, R. D., Piña, A., Gary, K. A., & Amresh, A. (2017) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.11.002 · Cited by 64
Whittaker, R., Stasiak, K., McDowell, H., Doherty, I., Shepherd, M., Chua, S., Dorey, E., Parag, V., Ameratunga, S., Rodgers, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12753 · Cited by 64
Bidargaddi, N. P., Musiat, P., Winsall, M., Vogl, G., Blake, V., Quinn, S. J., Orlowski, S., Antezana, G., & Schrader, G. D. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6775 · Cited by 61
Carpenter, J. M., Crutchley, P., Zilca, R., Schwartz, H. A., Smith, L. K., Cobb, A. M., & Parks, A. C. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5725 · Cited by 58
Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy of depression
Jarrett, R. B., & Nelson, R. O. (1987) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(87)80017-5 · Cited by 56
Quality of Smartphone Apps Related to Panic Disorder
Van Singer, M., Chatton, A., & Khazaal, Y. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00096 · Cited by 43
Symptom self-monitoring in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Tarrier, N., Sommerfield, C., Reynolds, M., & Pilgrim, H. (1999) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80027-6 · Cited by 42
Use of Computer and Mobile Technologies in the Treatment of Depression
Callan, J. A., Wright, J. H., Siegle, G. J., Howland, R. H., & Kepler, B. B. (2016) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2016.10.002 · Cited by 41
A prospective study of panic and anxiety in agoraphobia with panic disorder
Başoǧlu, M., Marks, I. M., & Şengün, S. (1992) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.160.1.57 · Cited by 40
The use of homework in behavior therapy for anxiety disorders
Huppert, J. D., Roth Ledley, D., & Foa, E. B. (2006) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/1053-0479.16.2.128 · Cited by 36
Lauritsen, L., Andersen, L., Olsson, E. C., Søndergaard, S. R., Nørregaard, L. B., Løventoft, P. K., Svendsen, S. D., Frøkjær, E., Jensen, H. M., Hageman, I., et al. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6673 · Cited by 36
Relations Among Children's Coping Strategies and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Coping Efficacy
Thorne, K. J., Andrews, J. J. W., & Nordstokke, D. (2013) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2013.792235 · Cited by 34
Kazantzis, N., Cronin, T. J., Norton, P. J., Lai, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22178 · Cited by 21
Martin, G., & Goldney, R. D. (1997) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138691.x · Cited by 14
Kazantzis, N., Ronan, K., Deane, F. P., & Lampropoulos, G. K. (2005) · Acquire (CQUniversity) · Cited by 1
Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe - Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Reynolds, W. M. (1982) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Borghouts, J., Eikey, E., Mark, G., De Leon, C., Schueller, S. M., Schneider, M., Stadnick, N., Zheng, K., Mukamel, D., & Sorkin, D. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24387 · Cited by 1,069
Wei, Y., Zheng, P., Deng, H., Wang, X., Li, X., & Fu, H. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21687 · Cited by 238
Bidargaddi, N., Almirall, D., Murphy, S., Nahum-Shani, I., Kovalcik, M., Pituch, T., Maaieh, H., & Strecher, V. (2018) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/10123 · Cited by 189
A randomized controlled trial of three smartphone apps for enhancing public mental health
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.08.003 · Cited by 176
Self-citationEisenstadt, M., Liverpool, S., Infanti, E., Ciuvat, R. M., & Carlsson, C. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31170 · Cited by 212
Metadata
- Authors
- Bakker, D., & Rickard, N.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bakker, David
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 227
- Pages
- 432-442
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767558581
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 13.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- beyondblue
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- mental health apps, app engagement, self-monitoring, emotional well-being, mood tracking, emotional self-awareness, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, mental health literacy, coping self-efficacy, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Awareness, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Software, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cell Phone, Young Adult, Mobile Applications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review