Fruit, vegetable, and antioxidant intakes are lower in older adults with depression
Open accessAbstract
Studies have shown an association between depression and both antioxidant levels and oxidant stress, but generally have not included intakes of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables. This study examined the cross-sectional associations between clinically diagnosed depression and intakes of antioxidants, fruits, and vegetables in a cohort of older adults. Antioxidant, fruit, and vegetable intakes were assessed in 278 elderly participants (144 with depression, 134 without depression) using a Block 1998 food frequency questionnaire that was administered between 1999 and 2007. All participants were aged 60 years or older. Vitamin C, lutein, and beta cryptoxanthin intakes were significantly lower among individuals with depression than in comparison participants (P<0.05). In addition, fruit and vegetable consumption, a primary determinant of antioxidant intake, was lower in individuals with depression. In multivariable models controlling for age, sex, education, vascular comorbidity score, body mass index, total dietary fat, and alcohol; vitamin C, beta cryptoxanthin, fruits, and vegetables remained significant. Antioxidants from dietary supplements were not associated with depression. Antioxidant, fruit, and vegetable intakes were lower in individuals with late-life depression than in comparison participants. These associations may partially explain the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease among older individuals with depression. In addition, these findings point to the importance of antioxidant food sources rather than dietary supplements.
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In a case-control study in people aged over 60 years, vitamin C intake from foods was significantly lower in depressive subjects (109 mg/day) than in non-depressive subjects (143 mg/day), although above the recommended amount in all subjects.
“In a case-control study in people aged over 60 years, vitamin C intake from foods was above the recommended amount in all subjects, but was significantly lower (109 mg/day) in depressive subjects versus non depressive ones (143 mg/day) [175].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [175]
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“(25) found that dietary beta-cryptoxanthin was inversely associated with depressive symptoms in older U.”
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“In addition, other studies reported that lower antioxidant intake in the diet is associated with depression, which does not always appear with a meaningful difference in the antioxidant status of normal and depressed cases [81].”
Evaluating the Relationship between Inflammatory Load of a Diet and Depression in Young Adults
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“Intakes of Vitamin C and β-carotene ensuring the neuronal development, functioning and oxidative stress protection were found to be lower in depressed individuals than others in a case-control study (Payne et al. 2012).”
BackgroundDas, A., Cumming, R. G., Naganathan, V., Ribeiro, R. V., Couteur, D. G. L., Handelsman, D. J., Waite, L. M., & Hirani, V. (2020) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02255-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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“Studies have shown associations between antioxidant compounds, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin A, polyphenols, beta-carotene, and mental health [17-19].”
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Waste of Fresh Fruits in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Challenges for Retailers and Impacts on Consumer Health
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Diet and Common Mental Disorders: The Imperative to Translate Evidence into Action
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“A case-control study carried out by Payne et al (2012) showed that depressed elderly consumed less fruit, vegetables and antioxidants than non-depressed (41).”
The Role of Dietary Supplements in Depression and Anxiety – A Narrative Review
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“reported that depressive persons had a lower intake of food containing Vit C [62].”
BackgroundDietary antioxidants and fibre intake and depressive symptoms in Iranian adolescent girls
Khayyatzadeh, S. S., Omranzadeh, A., Miri-Moghaddam, M. M., Arekhi, S., Naseri, A., Ziaee, A., Khajavi, L., Salehkhani, F. N., Ferns, G. A., & Ghayour-Mobarhan, M. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020004838 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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The Association of Race/Ethnicity, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity with Depression
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Clinical Advances in Geriatric Psychiatry
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“Depression is associated with reduced intake of fruit and vegetable [6], and its severity is related to higher total energy intake from saturated fats and sugars [7] and to higher consumption of sweet foods [8].”
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“Another limitation is that depressive symptoms were measured only once in 2011–2012 which means we cannot rule out the possibility for reverse causality (low intake of FV could be a consequence of depression) [72], although higher intakes of FV have previously been found to lower the risk of the onset of depression [7…”
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“Its intake also prevents schizophrenic and depressive symptoms [157,158].”
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Nutrient patterns and depressive symptoms among Australian adults
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“Due to the widespread prevalence of mental disorders, their effects on quality of life, and the economic burden on societies [23–26],mental disorders have received increasing attention, and several predictive factors that are potential markers of mental illness have been identified [27–29] to…”
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“While the association between depression and FVI is perhaps less consistent and well documented, evidence suggests that FVI is inversely related to risk of depression [25] and is lower in people with depression [26].”
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“For instance, some changes in food choices are prompted by depressive symptoms; diminished appetite is a symptom of major depression for many people and there is also evidence to suggest that some people with depressive symptoms are more likely to consume more fat and sugars [31] as well as fewer fruits and vegetables…”
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“Evidence suggested that only antioxidants derived from food sources, not dietary supplements, could offer protective benefits against depression 26 .”
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Moderate-to-Severe Depression Adversely Affects Lung Function in Chinese College Students
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“Some studies have found that depressive symptoms were associated with higher intakes of sugar, sodium, and saturated fat [15,16] or frequent consumption of meat and eggs [9,17] and lower intakes of low-calorie foods [18] and antioxidants, fruit and vegetables [19], fish [9], or legumes [20].”
BackgroundPost-Disaster Mental Health and Dietary Patterns among Older Survivors of an Earthquake and Tsunami
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“For example, there seems to be a protective effect of plant-based and antiinflammatory dietary patterns on the risk of developing depression (48); at the same time, dietary choices seem to be prompted by depressive symptoms (49, 50).”
BackgroundNutrition and brain health: Implications of Mediterranean diet elements for psychiatric disorders
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Noruzi, Z., Shiraseb, F., Mirzababaei, A., & Mirzaei, K. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Payne, M. E., Steck, S. E., George, R. R., & Steffens, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Payne, Martha E.
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2022-2027
- ISSN
- 2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3520090
- OpenAlex
- W2076155081
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH60451, K24MH070027, MH70027, R01MH054846, MH-54846, P50MH060451)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD043446, HD043446)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- depression, older adults, geriatric depression, fruit and vegetable intake, antioxidant intake, dietary antioxidants, vitamin C, lutein, beta-carotene, dietary supplements, cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antioxidants, Depression, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Fruit, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Vegetables, Case-Control Studies, Dietary Supplements
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