The role of anxiety sensitivity and difficulties in emotion regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder among crack/cocaine dependent patients in residential substance abuse treatment

McDermott, Michael J.; Tull, Matthew T.; Gratz, Kim L.; Daughters, Stacey B.; Lejuez, C.W.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.006

Cited by 137Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

The role of anxiety sensitivity and difficulties in emotion regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder among crack/cocaine dependent patients in residential substance abuse treatment

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McDermott, Michael J., Tull, Matthew T., Gratz, Kim L., Daughters, Stacey B., Lejuez, C.W.·2009·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.006PMC PMC2698460

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Abstract

Current research suggests the importance of anxiety sensitivity (AS) in the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a growing body of research has demonstrated that difficulties in emotion regulation may also play a role. This study examined the unique relationships between AS dimensions, difficulties in emotion regulation, and a probable PTSD diagnosis among a sample of inner-city crack/cocaine dependent patients in residential substance abuse treatment. Probable PTSD participants exhibited higher levels of the AS dimension of social concerns and emotion regulation difficulties. Emotion regulation difficulties reliably distinguished probable PTSD participants from non-PTSD participants above and beyond both anxiety symptom severity and the AS dimension of social concerns. Further, social concerns did not account for unique variance when difficulties in emotion regulation was entered into the model. Results provide support for the central role of difficulties in emotion regulation relative to AS dimensions in the prediction of PTSD within a crack/cocaine dependent population.

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For participants in the AUD-2 group, the mean DERS score of 104 corresponds to average scores reported in studies of individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD symptoms at a severity level consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD.
“For participants in the AUD-2 group, the mean DERS score of 104 corresponds to average scores reported in studies investigating emotion regulation difficulties in samples of individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (Roemer et al., 2009; Salters-Pedneault et al., 2006) and PTSD symptoms at a severity level consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD (McDermott et al., 2009; Tull, Barret, et”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as McDermott et al., 2009
The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) identify a group whose PTSD symptom scores met a cutoff for probable PTSD, and the Results (Primary Analyses; page unavailable) report greater overall DERS difficulties in that group. The passages available from our copy do not give its mean DERS score, so they cannot establish the claimed numerical comparison with the AUD-2 mean of 104. The generalized-anxiety-disorder comparison is attributed to other citations, not McDermott et al. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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An examination of the latent structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale.
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Impulsive behaviors as an emotion regulation strategy: Examining associations between PTSD, emotion dysregulation, and impulsive behaviors among substance dependent inpatients
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The relative and unique contributions of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity to posttraumatic stress disorder among substance dependent inpatients
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Anestis, M. D., & Gratz, K. L. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.017 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
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Neural circuitry of impaired emotion regulation in substance use disorders
Wilcox, C. E., Pommy, J. M., & Adinoff, B. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060710 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
The contribution of emotion regulation difficulties to risky sexual behavior within a sample of patients in residential substance abuse treatment
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Addressing Psychometric Limitations of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Through Item Modification
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Role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between childhood abuse and probable PTSD in a sample of substance abusers
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Lavender, J., & Gratz, K. L. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.014 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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Psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities associated with lifetime crack cocaine use in young adults in the general population
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Examining the Association Between Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Within a Sample of African Americans
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Davis, L. T., Dehon, E. E., Fulton, J. J., & Gratz, K. L. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.621970 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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Emotion regulation difficulties in alexithymia and mental health
Pandey, R., Saxena, P., & Dubey, A. (2011) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v7i4.155 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Group Skills Training for Bipolar Disorder
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Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Predicting Mental Health and W ell-being
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A bifactor analysis of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF) in a sample of adolescents and adults
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Emotion regulation difficulties as common and unique predictors of impulsive behaviors in university students
Miller, A. E., & Racine, S. E. (2020) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1799804 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A Prospective Investigation of Emotion Dysregulation as a Moderator of the Relation between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Substance Use Severity
Tull, M., Bardeen, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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Extending our understanding of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and positive emotion dysregulation: A network analysis approach
Weiss, N. H., Contractor, A. A., Raudales, A. M., Greene, T., & Short, N. A. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102198 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
PTSD Symptom Severity and Emotion Regulation Strategy Use During Trauma Cue Exposure Among Patients With Substance Use Disorders: Associations With Negative Affect, Craving, and Cortisol Reactivity
Tull, M. T., Berghoff, C. R., Wheeless, L. E., Cohen, R. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.05.005 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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Emotion Regulation and Mentalization in People at Risk for Food Addiction
Innamorati, M., Imperatori, C., Harnic, D., Erbuto, D., Patitucci, E., Janiri, L., Lamis, D. A., Pompili, M., Tamburello, S., & Fabbricatore, M. (2015) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2015.1036831 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Psychological and physiological stress negatively impacts early engagement and retention of opioid-dependent individuals on methadone maintenance
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Anxiety sensitivity in the association between posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders: A systematic review.
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Self-injurious behaviors in posttraumatic stress disorder: An examination of potential moderators
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.033 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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Anxiety Sensitivity, Emotional Avoidance, and PTSD Symptom Severity Among Crack/Cocaine Dependent Patients in Residential Treatment
Naifeh, J. A., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2010) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9337-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Parent Report: A Psychometric Investigation Examining Adolescents With and Without ADHD
Bunford, N., Dawson, A. E., Evans, S. W., Ray, A., Langberg, J. M., Owens, J. S., DuPaul, G. J., & Allan, D. M. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118792307 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cocaine‐related attentional bias following trauma cue exposure among cocaine dependent in‐patients with and without post‐traumatic stress disorder
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The unique and interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in relation to posttraumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms among trauma-exposed firefighters
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A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Social Affect and Cognition
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Extending models of deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts to substance users: Exploring the roles of childhood abuse, posttraumatic stress, and difficulties controlling impulsive behavior when distressed.
Bornovalova, M. A., Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Levy, R., & Lejuez, C. W. (2011) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0021579 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Individual differences in emotion regulation prospectively predict early COVID-19 related acute stress
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Emotion regulation difficulties in PTSD
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Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders.
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The effects of prolonged exposure and sertraline on emotion regulation in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder
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Baseline resting heart rate variability predicts post‐traumatic stress disorder treatment outcomes in adults with co‐occurring substance use disorders and post‐traumatic stress
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A Longitudinal Examination of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Risky Sexual Behavior: Evaluating Emotion Dysregulation Dimensions as Mediators
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The Development and Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-8: Providing Respondents with a Uniform Context That Elicits Thinking About Situations Requiring Emotion Regulation
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Mechanistic role of emotion regulation in the PTSD and alcohol association.
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Addressing the stimulant treatment gap: A call to investigate the therapeutic benefits potential of cannabinoids for crack-cocaine use
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The effect of posttraumatic stress disorder on risk-taking propensity among crack/cocaine users in residential substance abuse treatment
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Experiential Avoidance Mediates the Association Between Behavioral Inhibition and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Maack, D. J., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9362-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Reappraisal deficits promote craving and emotional distress among chronic pain patients at risk for prescription opioid misuse
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A controlled examination of two coping skills for daily alcohol use and PTSD symptom severity among dually diagnosed individuals
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Major Depression and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Substance Dependent Patients: The Moderating Roles of Distress Tolerance and Gender
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Theory of mind and emotion regulation difficulties in children with ADHD
Özbaran, B., Kalyoncu, T., & Köse, S. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.034 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women
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Emotion Dysregulation in Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders: A Narrative Review
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ROLE OF EMOTION REGULATION DIFFICULTIES AND POSITIVE/NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY IN EXPLAINING ALEXITHYMIA - HEALTH RELATIONSHIP: AN OVERVIEW
Dubey, A. (2010) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A machine learning approach to modeling PTSD and difficulties in emotion regulation
Christ, N. M., Elhai, J. D., Forbes, C. N., Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113712 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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La Escala de Dificultades en Regulación Emocional (DERS): Análisis factorial en una muestra colombiana
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Emotion dysregulation as a cross-cutting target for inpatient psychiatric intervention
Fowler, J. C., Clapp, J. D., Madan, A., Allen, J. G., Oldham, J. M., & Frueh, B. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.043 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation between anxious arousal and cannabis and alcohol use problems among low-income inner city racial/ethnic minorities
Paulus, D. J., Manning, K. F., Hogan, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Behavioral and neurobiological alterations induced by chronic use of crack cocaine
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Maladaptive cognitions and emotion regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder
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Emotion dysregulation moderates the effect of cognitive behavior therapy with prolonged exposure for co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorders
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Impulsive and Risky Behavior: Overview and Discussion of Potential Mechanisms
Tull, M. T., Weiss, N. H., & McDermott, M. J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_16-1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Further investigation of the association between anxiety sensitivity and posttraumatic stress disorder: Examining the influence of emotional avoidance
Bardeen, J. R., Tull, M. T., Stevens, E. N., & Gratz, K. L. (2015) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.05.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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The role of emotion dysregulation in negative affect reactivity to a trauma cue: Differential associations through elicited posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Raudales, A. M., Weiss, N. H., Schmidt, N. B., & Short, N. A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.028 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation explains associations between anxiety sensitivity and hazardous drinking and drinking motives among adult treatment-seeking smokers.
Paulus, D. J., Valadka, J. S., Businelle, M. S., Gallagher, M. W., Viana, A. G., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000252 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties in the Relation Between PTSD Symptoms and the Learned Association Between Trauma-Related and Cocaine Cues
Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., McDermott, M. J., Bordieri, M. J., Daughters, S. B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2016) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2016.1168445 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties in psychosis: Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS‐16)
Lawlor, C., Vitoratou, S., Hepworth, C., & Jolley, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23164 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Impulsive and Risky Behavior: Overview and Discussion of Potential Mechanisms
Tull, M. T., Weiss, N. H., & McDermott, M. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_16 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Emotion Dysregulation, and Aggressive Behavior Among Incarcerated Methamphetamine Users
Wahlstrom, L. C., Scott, J. P., Tuliao, A. P., DiLillo, D., & McChargue, D. E. (2015) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2015.1025026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Examining the relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, positive smoking outcome expectancies, and cigarette smoking in people with substance use disorders: A multiple mediator model
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The Effect of Trauma Cue Exposure on Cocaine Cravings among Cocaine Dependent Inpatients with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Exploring the Mediating Role of Negative Affect and Discrete Negative Emotional States
Tull, M. T., Kiel, E. J., McDermott, M. J., & Gratz, K. L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.028812 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor for posttraumatic stress symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity
Raudales, A. M., Preston, T. J., Albanese, B. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22966 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Interactive Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation on Anxiety Symptoms
Allan, N. P., Norr, A. M., Macatee, R. J., Gajewska, A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9484-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Psychological and Autonomic Correlates of Emotion Dysregulation among Women in Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Price, C. J., Crowell, S. E., Pike, K. C., Cheng, S. C., Puzia, M., & Thompson, E. A. (2018) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1508297 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Changes in Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Women in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Mediating Role of Bodily Dissociation and Emotion Regulation
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Development and validation of Japanese version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (J-DERS)
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Facets of Emotion Regulation and Posttraumatic Stress: An Indirect Effect via Peritraumatic Dissociation
Jones, A. C., Badour, C. L., Brake, C. A., Hood, C. O., & Feldner, M. T. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9899-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Validating the Factor Structure of the Hindi Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
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Is Emotion Dysregulation Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Post 9/11 Veterans?
Decker, S. E., Hoff, R., Martino, S., Mazure, C. M., Park, C. L., Porter, E., & Kraus, S. W. (2021) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2019.1661895 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Interactive Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation: An Examination Among Individuals in Residential Substance Use Treatment with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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The development of compulsive coping behaviour is associated with a downregulation of Arc in a Locus Coeruleus neuronal ensemble
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Associations among Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress, and Hazardous Drinking in College Students: Considerations for Intervention
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Intensive inpatient treatment improves emotion-regulation capacities among adults with severe mental illness
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Predictors and Moderators of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: An Investigation of Anxiety Sensitivity and Resilience in Individuals with Chronic Pain
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Emotion Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Abuse and Neglect and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women with Substance Use Disorders
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Post-Traumatic Orientation to Bodily Signals: A Systematic Literature Review
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The relation of PTSD symptoms to migraine and headache-related disability among substance dependent inpatients
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An investigation of the effect of trauma script exposure on risk-taking among patients with substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
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Mood Variability, Craving, and Substance Use Disorders: From Intrinsic Brain Network Connectivity to Daily Life Experience
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Extending Findings of a Relation between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation among African American Individuals: A Preliminary Examination of the Moderating Role of Gender
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Investigation of the relationship between childhood traumas, psychological resilience, cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation skills in adults
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The Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on Emotional Well- Being and Marital Satisfaction of Infertile Women
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Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotion Regulation, Positive and Negative Affection, Aggressive and Self-Harm Behaviors of 13-16-Year-Old Female Students
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Helicopter Parenting Behaviors and Emerging Adult Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation
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Self-citation

Authors: McDermott, M. J., Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Daughters, S. B., & Lejuez, C. W.
Affiliations: University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Corresponding author: Tull, Matthew T.
ORCID: Tull, Matthew T.
Gratz, Kim L.
Daughters, Stacey B.
Lejuez, C.W.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-06
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 591-599
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.006
PMC: PMC2698460
OpenAlex: W2040162654
Cited by: 137
References: 82
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 6.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R03DA023001, R01DA019405, R21DA022383)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: anxiety sensitivity, emotional dysregulation, post-traumatic stress disorder, crack cocaine dependence, cocaine dependence, residential addiction treatment, social problems, PTSD risk factors
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residential Treatment, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Time Factors, Crack Cocaine, Substance-Related Disorders, Cocaine-Related Disorders

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The role of anxiety sensitivity and difficulties in emotion regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder among crack/cocaine dependent patients in residential substance abuse treatment

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