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Cited by 16Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

What happens after five years?: The long-term effects of a four-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy delivered by student therapists for depressive symptoms

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Kohtala, Aino, Muotka, Joona, Lappalainen, Raimo·2017·Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
DOI 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.03.003
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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.03.003

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  • Other studies have reported marked improvement in mindfulness scores only at follow-up timepoints.

    “This is further substantiated by other studies which reported marked improvement in mindfulness scores at follow-up timepoints only (Gould et al. 2018; Kohtala et al. 2017).”

    From The Effect of Mindfulness-Based and Acceptance Commitment Therapy-Based Interventions to Improve the Mental Well-Being Among Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2022) · cites this paper as Kohtala et al. 2017

    The Results report significant improvement in several mindfulness subscales from pre-intervention to the five-year follow-up, but not from pre- to post-intervention. However, general mindfulness skills improved significantly by post-intervention, so improvement in mindfulness scores was not confined to follow-up. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • As shown in other studies of ACT interventions, some process-related changes take several months to become evident, particularly with respect to behavior change.

    “As shown in other studies of ACT interventions, some process-related changes take several months to become evident, particularly with respect to behavior change (González-Menéndez et al., 2014; Kohtala et al., 2017).”

    From Parent, child, and family outcomes following Acceptance And Commitment Therapy for parents of autistic children: A randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as Kohtala et al., 2017

    The Results (page unavailable) report that mindfulness subscales, including acting with awareness, did not change significantly immediately after the ACT intervention but did show significant changes at five-year follow-up. This supports the possibility of later-emerging process changes, but the reported comparisons do not establish that they became evident after several months or specifically demonstrate delayed behavior change. (LLM, conf=0.80)

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  • The identification of more specific therapeutic goals will assist employees to put major life goals into action.

    “The identification of more specific therapeutic goals will assist employees to put major life goals into action (Kohtala et al., 2017).”

    From Developing a brief acceptance and commitment therapy model for industrial psychologists (2022) · cites this paper as Kohtala et al., 2017

    The intervention description (Table 2, page unavailable) pairs clarification of treatment goals with identifying valued actions, and the Student therapists and ACT-based intervention section describes encouraging clients to act on their values. The paper does not establish that identifying more specific goals helps employees put major life goals into action; its participants were clients receiving treatment for depressive symptoms, not an employee population. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Significant improvements in Hexaflex processes have been observed when ACT is delivered in brief interventions and when delivered by therapists without prior ACT experience who received brief training, and these improvements were maintained after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 5 years after post-treatment.

    “Significant improvements in Hexaflex processes have been observed when ACT is delivered in brief interventions (some lasting 4, 3 h, or as little as 90 min) and when delivered by therapists without prior ACT experience who received a brief training in it, that is, 15 h. These improvements were also maintained after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 5 years after post-treatment (Eisenbeck et al., 2”

    From Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student (2020) · cites this paper as Kohtala et al., 2017

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  • Adding a values clarification exercise early in the therapeutic process provides structure to subsequent sessions.

    “Add a values clarification exercise early in the therapeutic process to provide structure to subsequent sessions (Finnes et al., 2019; Folke et al., 2012; Kohtala et al., 2017; Macías et al., 2019; Pellowe, 2006).”

    From Developing a brief acceptance and commitment therapy model for industrial psychologists (2022) · cites this paper as Kohtala et al., 2017

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [3]3. Bach P & Hayes S (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1129-1139. Doi: 0.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1129
  2. [15]15. Cape J, Whittington C, Buszewicz M, Wallace P & Underwood L (2010). Brief psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression. BMC Medicine, 8:38. Doi: 10.1186/1741- 7015-8-38 · DOI
  3. [21]21. Coffey KA, Hartman M, & Fredrickson BL (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1, 235-253. Doi: 10.1007/s12671- 010-0033-2 · DOI
  4. [29]29. Hayes SC, Strosahl K, & Wilson KG (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change (2 nd edition). New York: Guilford.
  5. [45]45. Muthén LK & Muthén BO (2012). Mplus User's Guide (7 th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.

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Authors
Kohtala, A., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R.
Affiliations
  • Kuopio University Hospital (FI)
  • University of Jyväskylä (FI)
Corresponding author
Kohtala, Aino
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-04
Volume
6
Issue
2
Pages
230-238
ISSN
2212-1447 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.03.003
OpenAlex
W2604757914
Cited by
16
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (publishedVersion)
  • Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
acceptance and commitment therapy, brief intervention, long-term treatment outcomes, depressive symptoms, depressive mood, student therapists, novice therapists, cost-effectiveness, subthreshold depression, waitlist control

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